Carl W. Schaefer’s research while affiliated with University of Connecticut and other places

... In the past, there have been many theories on the evolutionary origin and functional role of the subimago [5]. It has mostly been interpreted as a remnant of the moulting in adults, which still takes place in primarily wingless hexapod orders, i.e. all Entognatha, Archaeognatha, and Zygentoma [9,10]. This interpretation seems straightforward, as wings in Paleozoic and Mesozoic stemgroup mayflies grew gradually as lateral outgrowths, involving numerous moults [11,12]. ...

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The function of wing bullae in mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) reveals new insights into the early evolution of Pterygota

... Namaqualand (TMSA). Thaumastella namaquensis: Schaefer (1975): 230, 235 (trichobothria); Jacobs (1986): 142-144 (habitus drawing, habitat); Jacobs (1989): 302, 305-314 (differential diagnosis, morphology, karyotype, habitat, distribution); Jacobs (2008) Type material examined. Holotype: ♂ (Fig. 4) ;richtersveld, Hellskloof, 4 km N, 28.17°S 16.59°E, 26.ix.1991richtersveld, ...

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Desert Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thaumastellidae): New records and review of the distribution and habitat of this relict group

... However, between the two dark apparently portions of the cuplike sclerite, there is a thin median sheet of cuticle. What may appear as the biÞd center of the cuplike sclerite may actually be a continuous structure, which has only been modiÞed, strengthened, and darkened, toward the edges (Schaefer 1980a). Paramere: Broad, short, straight, little change in width in stem or projection; projection at right angles to base, also short, and with a sharp tip; small depression on inner medial side. ...

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Taxonomic Notes on the Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) From Guam and Surrounding Areas

... The classification system mainly follows that of Rédei et al. (2009), Aukema et al. (2013), Stehlík and Kerzhner (1999), and Zhao et al. (2022). The morphological terminology of male genitalia follows Schaefer (1977) and Ahmad and Zaidi (1986); the terminology of the female genitalia is according to the paper published by Zhou and Rédei (2020). The generic and specific names in the text are arranged alphabetically. ...

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One new species and two new records of Pyrrhocoridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from China

... , was established based on the incrassate and spiny hind femora in males from Asia, Africa, and Oceania (Amyot & Serville 1843;O'Shea 1980;O'Shea & Schaefer 1980). O'Shea & Schaefer (1978) studied the Mictini and concluded the tribe as recognized at the time was not a monophyletic group and divided it into three tribes. ...

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A remarkable new genus and species of Mictini from southern China (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae)

... Sunny mid-afternoon, 79°F. References: BugGuide, 2022; Grimnes et al., 2003;Schaefer, 1975;Shepherd, 1933;Slater & Baranowski, 1978;Tinker, 1952;Yoder & Robinson, 1990 Uhleriola floralis (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) Ecology: This seed-feeding bug is a species of the Great Plains, often found in dry grassland sites with scattered plants and a sandy substrate. It is thought to overwinter as an adult and is usually found in groups. ...

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The Insects of Sevenmile Creek: A Pictorial Guide to their Diversity and Ecology / Los insectos del Arroyo Sevenmile: una guía ilustrada a su diversidad y ecología

... Detailed morphological redescriptions of J. haematoloma and other congeners were provided by Göllner-Scheiding (1979); for distinguishing it from J. diaphona, the subsequent paper by Göllner-Scheiding (1982) also should be consulted. The male genitalia of the species are diagnostic; they were illustrated by Deay (1928), Schaefer (1965Schaefer ( , 1977Schaefer ( , 1978, Chopra (1967), Göllner-Scheiding (1979), and Hoebeke and Wheeler (1982). ...

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The soapberry bug, Jadera haematoloma (Insecta, Hemiptera, Rhopalidae): First Asian record, with a review of bionomics

... , was established based on the incrassate and spiny hind femora in males from Asia, Africa, and Oceania (Amyot & Serville 1843;O'Shea 1980;O'Shea & Schaefer 1980). O'Shea & Schaefer (1978) studied the Mictini and concluded the tribe as recognized at the time was not a monophyletic group and divided it into three tribes. Currently, Mictini includes 48 genera and approximately 380 species (CoreoideaSF Team 2023), and is diagnosed by the following morphological characters: large body size, usually over 20 mm; head square; antennifers usually projecting anteriorly of the tylus; pronotum steeply declivent with the anterior 1/4 less declivent and often with wing-like lateral extensions; all femora usually at least slightly incrassate, with the hind femora significantly incrassate in males compared to females; ventral surface of femora of each leg with one or two spines near the apex; parameres heavily sclerotized with curved tips; plica on the female's seventh sternite raised and sharply angulate (Hsiao & Cheng 1977;O'Shea 1980;O'Shea & Schaefer 1980); and reniform seminal receptacle with a coiled duct and unpigmented ampulla, consistent with subtype A of type III spermatheca (Pluot-Sigwalt & Moulet's 2020). ...

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A remarkable new genus and species of Mictini from southern China (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae)

... Rhopalidae, commonly known as scentless plant bugs, is a family of Pentatomomorpha insects in the superfamily Coreoidea (Schaefer and Chopra 1982;Schaefer and Panizzi 2000;Steill and Meyer 2003). The Rhopalidae includes 26 genera and 279 species distributed throughout the biogeographical areas of the world (CoreoideaSF Team 2021); many species are of critical importance as pests of pasture grass (Carroll and Loye 2012). ...

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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Myrmus lateralis (Heteroptera, Rhopalidae) and its implication for phylogenetic analyses

... Evolutionary adaptations that enable these insects to feed on nitrogen-rich plant sources, such as seeds and pollen, may also facilitate the exploitation of nitrogen-rich animal sources, like carrion (Eubanks & Denno 2003). For species in the subfamily Pseudophloeinae, which primarily feed on legumes (Fabaceae) plants (known for their high nitrogen content; Wink 2013), some, such as Coriomeris denticulatus, specialize in consuming their seeds (Schaefer & Mitchell 1983;Esenbekova et al. 2019). Therefore, it is not surprising that C. hirticornis might turn to alternative nitrogen sources such as carrion when legumes are scarce. ...

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When life gives you carcasses: first record of necrophagy by Coriomeris hirticornis on European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)(Hemiptera: Coreidae)