Carl R. Rogers’s research while affiliated with University of Chicago and other places

(This reprinted article originally appeared in the Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1957, Vol 21, 95–203. The following abstract of the original article appeared in PA, Vol 33:842.) For constructive personality change to occur, it is necessary that these conditions exist and continue over a period of time: (1) Two persons are in psychological contact. (2) The first, whom shall be termed the client, is in a state of incongruence, being vulnerable or anxious. (3) The 2nd person, whom shall be termed the therapist, is congruent or integrated in the relationship. (4) The therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for the client. (5) The therapist experiences an empathic understanding of the client's internal frame of reference and endeavors to communicate this experience to the client. (6) The communication to the client of the therapist's empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard is to a minimal degree achieved. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)