Carl N Stephan’s scientific contributions

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Publications (147)

1981 mortality AJPA
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November 2012

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Carl N Stephan

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Fig. 1. Calcaneonavicular coalition (no. 71): C, calcaneus; N, navicular; arrows, calcaneonavicular coalition.
TABLE 1 . Location of Coalition, Associated Arthritis, Accessory Bones, and Joint Variants a
Fig. 2. Plantar aspect of the talus (no. 43). Four distinct articular surfaces can be observed anterior to the sulcus tali. 1, posterior calcaneal articular facet; 2, middle facet for calcaneus; 3, facet for plantar calcaneonavicular ligament; 4, anterior facet for calcaneus; 5, navicular articular surface. 
TABLE 2 . Reported Prevalence of Tarsal Coalitions in Adults
2003 High prevalence of tarsal coalitions

November 2012

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157 Reads

Carl N Stephan

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Fig. 1. Facial approximations constructed from the skull of the remains found at Lower Light. (a) Different versions of the same facial approximation constructed by interstate forensic scientists using computer methods, as advertised in ‘‘The Advertiser’’ newspaper on 19 April 1998. (b) Facial approximations produced by different individuals using two-dimensional drawing methods, some of which were advertised on television during 1996 (Channel 7, ‘‘Crime Stoppers’’). 
Fig. 2. The facial approximation constructed by the first author (CNS) with hair (a) and without hair (b), and the target individual to whom the skeletal remains belonged (c). The image of the target individual is adapted from the ‘‘Sunday Mail’’ newspaper, 6 June 1999. 
Fig. 3. The face pool constructed from Australian newspaper images of young males, as used to test the accuracy of the facial approximation constructed by the first author (CNS). Faces are illustrated in orders corresponding with Figs. 5 and 6—top row, from left to right, indicates face numbers 1 through to 5; bottom row, from left to right indicates face numbers 6–10. 
Fig. 4. Frequencies and box plots of resemblance rating responses (scores out of 10) for the facial approximation constructed by the first author (CNS). In the box plots, the rectangle indicates the inter quartile range (25–75th quantiles), with the middle line representing the median. The diamond, at its highest point, indicates the arithmetic mean; the left and right tips of the diamond represent 2 standard errors or the 95% confidence interval. The ‘‘whiskers’’ or lines coming off the rectangle represent: the upper quartile + (1.5 Â interquartile range); and the lower quartile À (1.5 Â interquartile range). The bracket at the edge of the interquartile box represents the ‘‘shortest half’’ or the most dense 50% of the observations. Kurtosis values have been rescaled relative to 0, not 3. 
Fig. 5. Recognition responses to face arrays when the assessors ( n = 15) had no knowledge of the facial approximation. Dashed line indicates the recognition rate expected by chance for each of the faces in the face array (10%). ‘‘NI’’ indicates instances of ‘‘no identification’’. The target individual or face number 4, is indicated by the black arrow. 

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2006 Recognition by forensic facial approximation

November 2012

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764 Reads

Carl N Stephan

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Citations (4)

... The ambiguity of these fossils dazzled many authors as can be noted in the work of Howells (1980), Stringer (1979) (1984) and Rightmire (1996, 2004, 2013), and left many of the Pleistocene hominids in a taxonomic waste basket and an undetermined taxonomic affinity. The discovery of the small bodied hominid from Liang Bua, Indonesia (Brown, 2004) caused similar taxonomic uncertainty (Argue et al., 2006) that ranged from pathologic Homo sapiens (Henneberg & Thorne, 2004; Hershkovtiz et al.. 2007) to new species with erectus like features (Morwood et al., 2005; Baab, 2012) or even habiline like features (Gordon et al., 2008). ...

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3D Morphometric Study of the Mandibular Fossa and Its Implication for Species Recognition in Homo erectus
2004 Flores human may be pathological Homo sapiens
Carl N Stephan

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... Separate regressions (not shown) for women and men of own height (dependent variable) on the height of both parents as covariates produced an R square of 0.48 for women and 0.47 for men. The result supports studies noting that 10- 30% of the variability of adult height reflects socio-economic conditions, with the rest accounted for by heredity (Henneberg and van den Berg, 1990). For women, the parameter for the coefficient of variation of rainfall almost doubled from ~0.11 (columns [2][4]) to 0.20 (column [5]) after conditioning for heritable attributes. ...

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Rainfall amount and variability during gestation and early childhood and adult
1990 Test of socioeconomic causation of secular trend
Carl N Stephan

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... Seventh, we are aware of the difficulty in using contemporary WHO categories for BMI as a framework for historical data, as health-relevant risk cut-off points in BMI may have shifted over time [56] . Eighth, BMI is generally limited as indicator for body shape, and technical studies are still debating on the most adequate way of relating body height and weight [57][58][59][60]. Ninth, we cannot control for the fact that delayed physical growth may also be an explanatory factor. ...

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From Undernutrition to Overnutrition: The Evolution of Overweight and Obesity among Young Men in Switzerland since the 19th Century
1989 Body weight-height relationship exponential solution
Carl N Stephan

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