Cândido Pinto’s research while affiliated with University of Aveiro and other places

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Publications (7)


No man's land or tourist's land? Representation of rural areas in promotional materials, in Portugal,
  • Conference Paper
  • Full-text available

August 2016

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30 Reads

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Cândido Pinto

Rural areas in Portugal, as in many other western countries have experienced during the last decades major transformations. They are nowadays reconfigured mainly as consumable places rather than productive spaces, due to major changes in the agricultural activities and in sociodemographic dynamics. Tourism and related activities are, to a great extent, the main drivers of rural reconfiguration processes, both in material and in symbolic terms. Tourism promotion constitutes a central aspect in fostering the demand and consumption of rural territories, often based in global symbols and images of rurality rather than in local features and assets and apparently inducing an idealization of the countryside. Tourism promotional materials often refer to a post-productive rural in which the activities, cultural and natural resources, landscapes, ways of life, and even inhabitants seem to be turned into objects of appreciation and consumption and into commodities. Based on the content analysis of the Portuguese official tourism promotional campaigns portraying rural territories (conducted at national level between 1986 and 2011) (N=747 documents, such as posters, videos and brochures), this presentation aims to unveil the main features used to present and to promote rurality and to discuss the main transformations those documents convey. Empirical evidence demonstrate that currently rural areas in Portugal are promoted mainly as a tourists’ land rather than inhabited places.

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Table 1. 
Figure 1. Logo of the Tourism of Portugal, created in 1993 by the artist José de Guimarães  
Figure 2. Images of Nature and Landscape and Architecture in posters (1995-2012)  
Figure 3. Rural tourism infrastructure in videos (1995-2012)  
Table 4. Ten most coded words on promotional materials' images and discourses, by period 

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‘No country for old people’. Representations of the rural in the Portuguese tourism promotional campaigns

September 2014

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335 Reads

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10 Citations

Ager

This paper aims to discuss the ways in which the rural and rurality are represented through the national tourism promotional campaigns in Portugal since the 80s. The background for this debate is the transformation of many rural areas from productive spaces to consumable places, with tourism playing a paramount role in these rural restructuring processes. In promotional materials and campaigns, rural contexts are frequently presented as ‘idyllic’, ‘authentic’ and ‘genuine’ offering a wide range of experiences to the visitor. The empirical evidence produced from the content analysis of 33 posters and 19 promotional videos issued between 1986 and 2012 by the national tourism body, reveals a significant change from a representation of the rural as ‘old’, ‘static’, ‘unchanged’ and ‘untouched’ to its current representation as ‘young’, ‘active’, ‘enthusiastic’, ‘emotional’ and ‘experiential’, much more oriented (since the middle of the 90’s) to the commodification and consumption of the countryside.


‘Mil emoções que brotam da terra’ – as representações do rural nos materiais promocionais do Turismo de Portugal

May 2014

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56 Reads

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1 Citation

This paper is based on the assumption that tourism possesses an increasing role in the reconfiguration of rural territories in contemporary societies, both in material and in symbolic terms and as a consequence of their (also growing) institution as consumption spaces particularly oriented to leisure and recreation activities. In this sense, the touristic promotion of rural areas seems to place great emphasis, particularly in the last few years, in the features that constitute those areas as attractive spaces, full of leisure opportunities and able to provide unique and wholesome experiences, combining tradition and modernity elements. The promotion of the rural is based on and simultaneously appeals to the urban imaginary on rurality, representing it as ‘idyllic’, ‘authentic’ and ‘genuine’. Based on the content analysis of the textual components of the promotional materials produced by Turismo de Portugal between 1986 and 2012 an specifically oriented to the promotion of rural destinations, the paper aims to analyze the representations of the rural territories and to debate the main transformations in the symbols and narratives used during that period. Empirical evidence demonstrates a clear orientation, in the last two decades, to the promotion of the rural as a natural and preserved space, devoted to tourists and apparently neglecting the local inhabitants and their activities.


Quantas cores tem o campo? – representações do rural nas campanhas do Turismo de Portugal

April 2014

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57 Reads

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1 Citation

Tal como em muitos outros países da Europa, também as áreas rurais portuguesas têm conhecido significativas transformações nas décadas mais recentes, em consequência de dinâmicas de mudança social e económica globais. Ainda que os impactos destas transformações conheçam variações, mais ou menos importantes, de acordo com os contextos a que nos referimos, um dos seus sinais mais visíveis tem sido a perda do monopólio das atividades agrícolas. As mudanças observadas na agricultura, concretamente o seu declínio em muitas áreas rurais periféricas, têm contribuído para a reconfiguração dos territórios, sobretudo no sentido da sua passagem de espaços produtivos para espaços de consumo, no âmbito dos quais assumem particular relevância as atividades de turismo e recreio. O turismo tem sido considerado como uma das principais forças motrizes da reconfiguração dos territórios rurais tanto em termos simbólicos como materiais. A promoção turística constitui um aspeto central e determinante nos modos de consumo do rural, frequentemente assente em imagens e símbolos ‘globais’ em vez de nas especificidades locais, induzindo assim uma imagem relativamente hegemónica e idealizada do ‘campo’. A ruralidade assim promovida faz apelo essencialmente ao rural pós-produtivo, no qual o ambiente, as paisagens, as atividades, os modos de vida e os próprios habitantes se transformam em objetos de consumo e apreciação, i.e., em amenidades. Os contextos rurais são, frequentemente, representados como lugares ‘idílicos’, ‘autênticos’ e ‘genuínos’, oferecendo múltiplas oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de atividades e experiências. Com base na análise de conteúdo das campanhas promocionais do Turismo de Portugal, essencialmente destinadas à promoção do turismo em espaço rural, neste trabalho procuramos refletir acerca dos principais aspetos utilizados para apresentar e promover os territórios rurais nacionais, assim como discutir as principais transformações observadas em termos das imagens e narrativas veiculadas nos materiais recolhidos. Foram analisados 747 documentos, de diferentes tipos e suportes (brochuras, cartazes, roteiros, imagens e vídeos) correspondentes ao período entre 1986 e 2012. A evidência empírica produzida demonstra alguma variação nos modos de representar o rural, passando da sua apresentação como ‘velho’, ‘estático’ e ‘inalterado’ (até meados dos anos 90) para a sua crescente promoção (após aquela data) como ‘jovem’, ‘ativo’, ‘experiencial’, ‘entusiástico’ e ‘emocional’, muito mais orientado para os consumos externos do que para as especificidades locais. No entanto, ao longo de todo o período considerado, embora de forma mais visível e consistente depois dos anos 90, a identificação do rural com o ambiente (especificamente com a natureza) emerge como o traço mais saliente da promoção turística destes territórios, evidenciando sobretudo as cores, como o verde e o azul, as paisagens, os diversos elementos naturais (rios, montanhas, florestas) e as atividades e experiências de recreio e lazer ao ‘ar livre’ que tais características podem proporcionar.




Citations (2)


... Market segmentation is a strategic tool with the purpose of grouping international tourists in distinct groups, improving destination attributes, and developing effective marketing planning at the policy level [34,35]. Aiming to attract tourists, the tourism industry promotes and emphasizes the tourist offer in the main tourism markets [36]. For example, the Japanese government implemented the "Go To Travel" promotion campaign to reactive domestic tourism in 2020, due to the dramatic plunge of domestic tourism as a result of COVID-19 pandemic [37]. ...

Reference:

The Impact of Tourism Promotion at Andalusian Eight Provinces
‘No country for old people’. Representations of the rural in the Portuguese tourism promotional campaigns

Ager

... A great part of the social representations on rural areas and on rurality, particularly the idyllic ones, have been widely influenced by mass media, cultural industries (e.g. cinema), tourism promotion and political discourse (Capela & Figueiredo, 2014;Fowler & Helfield, 2006;Pinto & Figueiredo, 2014) evidencing a complex myriad of sources and means acting on the construction of images and discourses about the rural. Despite the growing hegemonic idyllic views on the rural in Portugal, following the tendency of other (more central) European countries, a diversity of rural social representations seem to emerge mainly related to historical, social and cultural specificities and, undoubtedly to the place rural areas and rurality possess in national economy, society and cultural identity. ...

‘Mil emoções que brotam da terra’ – as representações do rural nos materiais promocionais do Turismo de Portugal