CE Lewis's research while affiliated with University of Alabama at Birmingham and other places
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Publications (90)
Background and aims:
Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is located on both sides of the pericardium. We tested whether PAT was associated with prevalent diabetes at the year 25 exam of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.
Methods and results:
The CARDIA Year 25 exam (2010-2011) included complete data for all covaria...
Genotype does not change over the life course and may thus facilitate earlier identification of individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that a genotype score predicts incident type 2 diabetes from young adulthood and improves diabetes prediction models based on clinical risk factors alone.
The Coronary Artery Risk Development...
Housing instability, a growing public health problem, may be an independent environmental risk factor for hypertension, but limited prospective data exist. We sought to determine the independent association of housing instability in early adulthood (year 5, 1990-1991) and incident hypertension over the subsequent 15 years of follow-up (years 7, 10,...
Participants in the observational study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) were studied to determine if ethnic differences in femur geometry can help to explain differences in hip fracture rates. Structural differences in femurs of African and Mexican-American women appear to be consistent with lower rates of hip fractures vs. whites.
Ethnic or...
The role of endogenous androgens and SHBG in the development of cardiovascular disease in young adult women is unclear.
Our objective was to study the prospective association of serum androgens and SHBG with subclinical coronary and carotid disease among young to middle-aged women.
This was an ancillary study to the Coronary Artery Risk Development...
OBJECTIVES: To identify participants' characteristics that influence the anti-fracture efficacy of vitamin D or vitamin D plus calcium with respect to any fracture, hip fracture, and clinical vertebral fracture and to assess the influence of dosing regimens and co-administration of calcium. DESIGN: Individual patient data analysis using pooled data...
Bone loss is a feature of both periodontitis and osteoporosis, and periodontal destruction may be influenced by systemic bone loss. This study evaluated the association between periodontal disease and bone mineral density (BMD) in a cohort of 1347 (137 edentulous) older men followed for an average of 2.7 years. Participants were recruited from the...
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is widely recognized as conveying the highest health risk in humans among the currently measurable adipose tissue compartments. A recent study indicated that the traditionally measured VAT area at L(4)-L(5) is not the VAT area with the highest correlation with total VAT volume. At present, it is unknown whether the are...
While there are sex-related differences in both the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and disease risk factors, there is only limited research on sex-specific influences on type 2 diabetes aetiology within the same study population. Thus, we assessed genotype-by-sex interaction using a liability threshold model in an attempt to localise sex-sp...
Lower levels of endogenous sex steroids or declines in these hormones may contribute to the increased rates of bone loss observed in older adults experiencing weight loss. We hypothesized that among older men with weight loss, higher rates of bone loss at the hip would be observed in men with lower baseline bioavailable sex steroids or those with g...
To examine whether changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors differ by baseline weight status among young adults who maintained or gained weight.
Longitudinal cohort study.
White and African Americans who either maintained (+/-5 pounds; n=488) or gained (>5 pounds; n=2788) weight over 15 years.
Anthropometrics and CVD risk factors were m...
Previous genotype-phenotype association studies of fibrinogen have been limited by incomplete knowledge of genomic sequence variation within and between major ethnic groups in FGB, FGA, and FGG.
We characterized the linkage disequilibrium patterns and haplotype structure across the human fibrinogen gene locus in European- and African-American popul...
To conduct a full genome search for genes potentially influencing two related phenotypes: body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and percent body fat (PBF) from bioelectric impedance in men and women.
A total of 3383 participants, 1348 men and 2035 women; recruitment was initiated with hypertensive sibpairs and expanded to first-degree relatives in a multice...
The heritability of fasting serum insulin and glucose concentrations in non-diabetic members of multiplex hypertensive families is unknown.
We calculated the familial aggregation of fasting serum glucose and insulin concentrations and performed a genome-wide scan to assess whether quantitative trait loci contribute to these phenotypes in 2,412 non-...
Cardiovascular reactivity is hypothesized to increase the risk of hypertension and other CVD-related conditions. However, studies to date are inconclusive. We compared the association of blood pressure and pulse responses to three stressors (postural challenge, handgrip test, mental arithmetic) with sociodemographic characteristics and CVD risk fac...
To examine the association of childbearing with weight and waist circumference (WC) changes, we compared women with and without pregnancies or births during follow-up.
A multicenter, longitudinal observational study over 10 years. Comparison groups defined by the number of pregnancies and births during follow-up: P0 (0 pregnancies; nongravid), P1 (...
To quantify the relation between weight change and change in blood pressure, lipids and insulin levels, and determine if this relation differs by race or initial level of obesity.
Longitudinal cohort study.
Community-based sample of 3325 black and white men and women aged 18-30 y from four centers followed for 10 y. Women pregnant at baseline or 10...
To examine whether exposure to oral contraceptives (OCs) is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in young women, we studied, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, 216 white and 260 black women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Spine, hip and whole body BMDs were measured by dual-energy X-ray abso...
This randomized clinical trial examined the feasibility of low-fat dietary interventions among postmenopausal women of diverse backgrounds. During 1992-1994, 2,208 women aged 50-79 years, 28% of whom were black and 16% Hispanic, enrolled at clinics in Atlanta, Georgia, Birmingham, Alabama, and Miami, Florida. Intervention/support groups met periodi...
The Women's Health Trial:Feasibility Study in Minority Populations (WHT:FSMP) examined the feasibility of recruiting postmenopausal women from a broad range of racial and socioeconomic backgrounds into a primary prevention trial requiring marked reductions in dietary fat. Postmenopausal women aged 50-79 yr who had no history of cardiovascular disea...
To test whether a higher fasting insulin concentration is associated with a lower rate of weight gain over six to seven years.
Two longitudinal epidemiologic cohorts including blacks and whites.
The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study examined subjects aged 18-30 y in 1985-86 and 1992-93 (n = 3636), and the Atheroscleros...
This study estimated the amount of weight change in a biracial cohort of young adults and the separate components attributable to time-related and aging-related changes, as well as identified possible determinants of weight change.
In this population-based prospective study of 18- to 30-year-old African-American and White men and women, body weight...
The authors analyzed data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study in order to examine associations between parity and lipoproteins. Of 2,787 women recruited in 1985-1986, 2,534 (91%) returned in 1987-1988 and 2,393 (86%) returned in 1990-1991 for repeat evaluations. Two-year change (1987-1988 to 1985-1986) in high d...
To determine associations of sociodemographic characteristics, behaviors, attitudes and medical factors with weight loss in a population-based biracial cohort of young adults.
Two-year longitudinal observation study.
4278 black and white men and women aged 18-30 years in 1985-1986.
Weight, height, education, income, subscapular skinfold thickness,...
To examine the longitudinal associations between a pregnancy and persistent changes in adiposity in young black and white women.
Prospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up.
Participants recruited by community-based sampling (Birmingham, Ala; Chicago, Ill; and Minneapolis, Minn) and through the membership of a large prepaid health care plan...
The authors examined associations of caffeine and caffeinated beverage intakes with blood pressure and with lipoproteins in 5,115 black and white men and women aged 18-30 years during 1985-1986. Caffeine and beverage intakes were not consistently associated with blood pressure in analyses controlling for race, sex, Keys score, sucrose intake, physi...
Because few data are available concerning physical activity among minority and low-income persons, we characterized physical activity patterns among public housing residents.
Two separate cross-sectional surveys were conducted 1 year apart of randomly selected residents of eight rental communities administered by the housing authority of Birmingham...
Little is known about racial differences in lipoprotein[a] (Lp[a]) concentrations and apolipoprotein[a] (apo[a]) phenotypes. Lp[a] protein concentrations were determined by a double monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 4165 Caucasian and African American men and women from four US communities. Apo[a] phenotypes were deter...
Data suggest that low-income and minority individuals are less physically active than the general population. We conducted a constituency-based physical activity promotion program, the Physical Activity for Risk Reduction (PARR) project, from 1988 to 1991, with residents of rental communities administered by the Housing Authority of the Birmingham...
Contrary to early impressions of blacks' relative immunity to CHD, it is now clear that African Americans experience greater mortality from CHD than whites. The natural history of CHD differs between blacks and whites in three important respects: First, greater prevalence of established risk factors among blacks suggests that they may be at greater...
Citations
... Obesity in women may partly be explained by the association between parity and weight gain during midlife [5]. Increased parity is also correlated with increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue [6] and the metabolic syndrome [7]. ...
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... Several studies have shown that maternal blood pressure falls following pregnancy [10][11][12][13]. Using repeated blood pressure measures from pre-conception up to 40 years post-conception, we have shown that maternal systolic blood pressure (SBP) was −3.32 mmHg (95%CI:−3.93, ...
... As is evident by the data, the chromosomal regions involved in the regulation of vascular reactivity and that may be influenced by a high-salt diet are considerably different in female rats compared with males of the same strain. This finding is consistent with those of other investigators who have studied sex-specific genetic architecture (27,50,51,71) and underscores the importance of considering sex as an important variable in cardiovascular studies. Because these consomic strains have 5% allelic difference from the parental strain (13), they can serve as powerful control animals compared with the parental strain and can serve as a beginning step in localizing genes that influence vascular reactivity in the female. ...
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... These conditions include central obesity, saturated fat feeding and viral hepatitis, as well as toxic insults such as carbon tetrachloride poisoning or tunicamycin inhibition of protein glycosylation. NAFLD is common in patients with several of the conditions for which dietary Ins supplements are now promoted, including PCOS, GDM, MetS and DM2 (36,(38)(39)(40) . ...
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... For the Boston housing data, our method resulted in a cross-validated estimate of the error similar to that found in more complicated and less interpretable multivariate regression models. In the genetic epidemiology simulation, as well as in an actual application to hypertension data, our method was able to significantly improve the power to detect linkage (Province, Hunt, Shannon, Myers, Arnett, Pankow, Lewis, and Rao 2000). Software for fitting stratified linear regression trees has been written and is available. ...