C.A. Carvallo’s research while affiliated with Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie and other places

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Publications (17)


Number of samples collected during the Ecorc’Air project in the Great Paris area by scientific staff or French volunteers and cities abroad (in 2023 only).
Sample identification sheet (left: original sheet in French; right: translation in English) to be filled by participants.
Total elemental content measured by ICPMS versus Magnetic susceptibility.
Magnetic susceptibility values for tree bark samples collected in Paris from 2016 to 2022. The logarithmic color scale is identical for all maps.
Distribution of susceptibility values measured for each sampling campaign. Bins and color scales are the same are those used on the maps of Figure 4. The color scales from dark green to gray correspond to log (susceptibility); the blue color scale corresponds to negative susceptibility values.

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Ecorc’Air: A Citizen Science Project for the Biomonitoring of Vehicular Air Pollution in Paris, France
  • Article
  • Full-text available

September 2024

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121 Reads

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1 Citation

C. Carvallo

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A. Isambert

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C. Franke

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[...]

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F. Fluteau

Airborne particulate matter (PM) is known to have adverse health effects and is a growing concern in urban areas. Spatial and temporal variability is difficult to assess with the few air quality stations typically available in cities. As an alternative, tree bark acts as a passive captor on which PM is deposited. Magnetic susceptibility measurements can be used as a proxy indicator to estimate pollution from vehicle sources. We present the citizen science project called Ecorc’Air, in which volunteers collect plane tree bark samples, mainly in Paris, which are then sent to laboratories and used for various measurements. The project has developed since 2016, leading to the production of annual maps that identify variations in magnetic particle concentrations. The correlation between magnetic susceptibility and metal content has been verified using multi elemental analysis. Thanks to these numerous samples, we were able to identify areas with consistently high susceptibility values over time. We also quantified the decrease in susceptibility values with the distance between the tree and the road, as well as the shielding effect of parked cars on pedestrians. We showed trends in susceptibility variations over time along a specific well‐sampled road, suggesting that this type of sampling and measurement could be used to quantify variations in metallic pollution at a local scale. Finally, through interviews, we found that there is a growing interest and participation of city dwellers, especially those involved in local associations, to act in favor of environmental research, as well as of municipalities to offer support.

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Preliminary Characterization of Submarine Basalt Magnetic Mineralogy Using Amplitude‐Dependence of Magnetic Susceptibility

January 2024

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320 Reads

The past ∼200 million years of Earth's geomagnetic field behavior have been recorded within oceanic basalts, many of which are only accessible via scientific ocean drilling. Obtaining the best possible paleomagnetic measurements from such valuable samples requires an a priori understanding of their magnetic mineralogies when choosing the most appropriate protocol for stepwise demagnetization experiments (either alternating field or thermal). Here, we present a quick, and non‐destructive method that utilizes the amplitude‐dependence of magnetic susceptibility to screen submarine basalts prior to choosing a demagnetization protocol, whenever conducting a pilot study or other detailed rock‐magnetic characterization is not possible. We demonstrate this method using samples acquired during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 391. Our approach is rooted in the observation that amplitude‐dependent magnetic susceptibility is observed in basalt samples whose dominant magnetic carrier is multidomain titanomagnetite (∼TM60–65, (Ti0.60–0.65Fe0.35–0.40)Fe2O4). Samples with low Ti contents within titanomagnetite or samples that have experienced a high degree of oxidative weathering do not display appreciable amplitude dependence. Due to their low Curie temperatures, basalts that possess amplitude‐dependence should ideally be demagnetized either using alternating fields or via finely‐spaced thermal demagnetization heating steps below 300°C. Our screening method can enhance the success rate of paleomagnetic studies of oceanic basalt samples.










Citations (7)


... All core depths from IODP Expedition 391 were calculated and presented on the core depth below seafloor, Method A (CSF-A) scale (W. Sager et al., 2023a). Penetrated sediment cover ranged from 155 to 380 m in thickness, with Site U1576 having the thickest sediment cover and U1577, the least. ...

Reference:

Seismic Stratigraphy of Valdivia Bank, South Atlantic and Implications for Oceanic Plateau Evolution, Sedimentation, and Thermal Rejuvenation
Expedition 391 summary
  • Citing Chapter
  • October 2023

... The occurrence of possible winnowed foraminifera sand at the top of the unit may indicate that the absence of Eocene and younger sediment at Site U1577 is related to a phase of erosion (or nondeposition), perhaps in response to the impingement of bottom currents. Interestingly, the same mechanism could account for the possible early Miocene and Oligocene-Maastrichtian hiatuses at Site U1575, which occur above similar foraminifera sand deposits (see Lithostratigraphy in the Site U1575 chapter [Sager et al., 2023b]). Unit II is a ~24 m thick succession of slightly to heavily burrowed pinkish brown to pale brown clayey nannofossil ooze to chalk (Lithofacies 1) with minor interbeds of brown to gray volcanic ash to tuff (Lithofacies 2) ( Figure F12B). ...

Reference:

Site U1577
Site U1575

... Cyclical sedimentation in the subunit resembles that observed in the overlying units and in Units II-IV at Site U1576, and it likely represents similar cyclical changes in environmental conditions in the Late Cretaceous. The return to reddish brown chalk deposition (i.e., oxic conditions on the seafloor) in Subunit IIIC at Site U1577, following a possible period of anoxia in overlying Subunit IIIB, was not observed at Site U1576 (see Lithostratigraphy in the Site U1576 chapter [Sager et al., 2023c]). This might reflect preservation of slightly older sediments at Site U1577 (i.e., not observed at Site U1576) or spatial variability in oxic versus anoxic ocean bottom (?) conditions around Valdivia Bank during the early Campanian. ...

Reference:

Site U1577
Site U1576

... Valdivia Bank (VB) is an oceanic plateau in the South Atlantic, part of Walvis Ridge, formed by hotspot-ridge interaction during the Late Cretaceous (∼85 Ma) offshore of Namibia (Figure 1; O'Connor & Duncan, 1990; Thoram et al., 2023). Oceanic plateaus are broad submarine mountains that rise several kilometers above the adjacent ocean floor and have rounded or flat summits, often capped with thick sediments. ...

Nature and Origin of Magnetic Lineations Within Valdivia Bank: Ocean Plateau Formation by Complex Seafloor Spreading

... Overall, the architecture and magnetic properties of MMNPs are closely linked to their synthesis process [56,57]. Tomography [58], scattering experiments [59,60], and the FORC (first order reversal curves) diagram method [61][62][63], among others, are of significant aid for a detailed analysis of internal structure. ...

Magnetic and structural properties of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles along their production process for use in magnetic hyperthermia
  • Citing Article
  • April 2023

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

... In northern Chinese cities like Lanzhou, Baoji, and Beijing, which belong to the temperate monsoon climate zone and monsoon fringe zone, characterized by distinct seasons, hot and rainy summers, and cold and dry winters, the main dust-retaining tree species for traffic roads are Juniperus formosana, Sophora japonica, Buxus sinica, and Pinus bungeana (Chen et al., 2019;Jun-Hui et al., 2020;Song et al., 2015;Wang et al., 2013;Zhang et al. 2020). Southern Chinese cities like Nanjing, Wuhan, and Jinhua, belonging to the subtropical humid climate zone (monsoon zone), characterized by hot and rainy summers and mild and humid winters, with subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests as the vegetation type, have Magnolia grandiflora, Osmanthus, and Loropetalum chinense as the main dust-retaining tree species in traffic areas (Chen et al., 2015;Wang et al., 2017a, b (Préndez et al., 2023). In general, the leaves of preferred tree species generally have larger surface areas and complex surface structures, such as trichomes and wax layers which help capture and retain airborne particles. ...

Magnetic and elemental characterization of the particulate matter deposited on leaves of urban trees in Santiago, Chile

Environmental Geochemistry and Health

... The objective of the research is to analyse how ventilation affected student health,but searching the articles from 2019 till May 2023 informed that some papers just analysed the school's ventilation and indoor air quality in school without continuing how it affects student health. The research only analysed the ventilation and indoor air quality in classrooms, not continuing to how it affects students' health 23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] . The others analyse the ventilation and the health effects [35][36][37][38][39] and non-health effects 32,[40][41][42][43][44] , and also the research about indoor air quality and health students 45 ( Figure 3). ...

Barking up the Right Tree: Using Tree Bark to Track Airborne Particles in School Environment and Link Science to Society