C M Anderson’s research while affiliated with University of Pittsburgh and other places


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Publications (5)


Family psychoeducation, social skills training, and maintenance chemotherapy in the aftercare treatment of schizophrenia. II. Two-year effects of a controlled study on relapse and adjustment. Environmental-Personal Indicators in the Course of Schizophrenia (EPICS) Research Group
  • Article

May 1991

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220 Reads

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379 Citations

Archives of General Psychiatry

G E Hogarty

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C M Anderson

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D J Reiss

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[...]

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M Carter

We demonstrated earlier that a novel family psychoeducational approach and an individual social skills training approach designed for patients living in high-expressed emotion households each reduced schizophrenic relapse by one-half when compared with medication controls in the 1st year after hospital discharge. The combination of treatments resulted in no relapse. Results have now been obtained after 2 years of continuous treatment. By 24 months, a persistent and significant effect of family intervention on forestalling relapse was observed, but the effect of social skills training was lost late in the 2nd year. There was no additive effect on relapse that accrued to the combination of treatments. Beyond 2 years, however, the effect of family intervention was likely compromised as well. Treatment effects on the adjustment of survivors were circumscribed, due, in part, to study design characteristics. Effects generally favored the social skills-alone condition at 1 year and the family condition or combined family/social skills condition at 2 years.




Expressed Emotion and Social Networks of Parents of Schizophrenic Patients

April 1984

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35 Reads

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67 Citations

The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science

This study considered the relationship between the personal networks of parents of schizophrenic patients and ratings of their level of expressed emotion towards the patient. Our initial hypothesis was that parents with high expressed emotion would be more isolated from an effective social support system. We found that the size of parental networks did correlate with the length of the patient's illness, with smaller networks associated with longer illnesses. There was no connection between overall ratings of parental expressed emotion and the size or quality of their social networks. However, the raw score of one component of expressed emotion, emotional over-involvement, did correlate with several network variables, indicating that parents who are over-involved with the patient are also more involved with their networks rather than being isolated.


Family Treatment of Adult Schizophrenic Patients: A Psycho-Educational Approach

February 1980

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129 Reads

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423 Citations

Schizophrenia Bulletin

As part of a long-term study in schizophrenia, a model of family intervention has been developed which attempts to diminish relapse rates of schizophrenic patients. This model reflects theoretical and research findings which suggest that certain patients have a "core psychological deficit" that might increase vulnerability to external stimuli. While a program of maintenance chemotherapy attempts to decreae patient vulnerability, a series of highly structured, supportive, psycho-educational family interventions are aimed at de-intensifying the family environment in which the patient lives.

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Citations (5)


... Clinical relapse is common and has a measurably negative impact on the course of both schizophrenia and SAD (Angst et al., 1980;Malhi et al., 2008;Robinson et al., 1999), including poorer treatment response (Emsley et al., 2013), poorer quality of life (Briggs et al., 2008), and neurological changes (Van Haren et al., 2007). Frequent relapses accelerate social impairment (Hogarty et al., 1991) and increase the likelihood of having residual symptoms of the disorder (Shepherd et al., 1989). ...

Reference:

Acceptability of Texting 4 Relapse Prevention, Text Messaging-Based Relapse Prevention Program for People With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
Family psychoeducation, social skills training, and maintenance chemotherapy in the aftercare treatment of schizophrenia. II. Two-year effects of a controlled study on relapse and adjustment. Environmental-Personal Indicators in the Course of Schizophrenia (EPICS) Research Group
  • Citing Article
  • May 1991

Archives of General Psychiatry

... The term psychoeducation is beginning to be used in its current meaning in the 1980s by Carol Anderson and colleagues, referring to the method of providing "information which attempts to equip the family with a rational guide for interacting" with patients with schizophrenia (Anderson et al., 1980, p. 502). In this decade and the ones that followed, other authors dedicated themselves to the psychoeducation of families of patients with schizophrenia (Falloon et al., 1985;Hogarty et al., 1986;McFarlane et al., 1995;Solomon, 1996). In the 90s, followers of Fritz Redl, in their monograph "Psychoeducation: An Idea Whose Time Has Come," argued that within the definition of psychoeducation, "psycho" offers a broad range of psychological theories that anchor the approaches, issues, programs missions, assessments, contents and practices (Wood et al., 1999). ...

Medication, family psychoeducation, and social skills training: First year relapse results of a controlled study
  • Citing Article
  • February 1986

Psychopharmacology Bulletin

... This to be effective requires the efficient and close cooperation of a multidisciplinary team. The basic knowledge of analysis and synthesis activity principles from the group members is necessary in order to be used a wide range of activities (Benton & Schoeder, 1990;Hogarty et al., 1986;Spence & Spence, 1980). ...

Family Psychoeducation, Social Skills Training, and Medication in Schizophrenia: The Long and Short of It
  • Citing Article
  • February 1987

Psychopharmacology Bulletin

... The finding of weak negative correlation between primary caregiver critical comments and burden of care, that is, those caregivers showing less EE were more likely to suffer from higher burden of care, supports the findings of an earlier study. [36] The finding of a weak positive correlation between primary caregiver EOI and well-being can be explained by the fact that caregivers who are emotionally over involved often keep the patients' needs over their own and sacrifice/neglect personal needs which can cause deterioration of health and poor well-being. [37] Severity of illness and EE The observation of a moderate positive correlation between severity of schizophrenia symptoms and EE of primary caregiver is in agreement with an earlier study. ...

Expressed Emotion and Social Networks of Parents of Schizophrenic Patients
  • Citing Article
  • April 1984

The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science

... Stressful family relationships, as reflected by relatives' attitudes and behaviors such as criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement toward a member (referred to as "expressed emotion"), have been found to be an especially potent predictor of symptom relapses in individuals living with or in frequent contact with family (Amaresha & Venkatasubramanian, 2012;Hooley, 2007). Reducing stressful communication styles in family members in order to improve the course of SMI is one of the first rationales for developing family intervention programs (Anderson et al., 1980;McFarlane, 2016), with evidence showing improvements in it mediate the benefits of family treatment (Miklowitz et al., 2009). ...

Family Treatment of Adult Schizophrenic Patients: A Psycho-Educational Approach
  • Citing Article
  • February 1980

Schizophrenia Bulletin