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23 Citations
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14 Reads
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23 Citations
... The construction industry underwent significant transformation with the advent of technologies like computer-aided design (CAD) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) [1]. BIM, originally conceptualised by Eastman, revolutionised the industry by integrating virtual building models with comprehensive databases, advanced visualisation, and quantitative analysis, addressing the growing complexity of construction projects [2,3]. The formation of the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), now known as buildingS-MART, in 1994 and the subsequent release of the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) in 1997 marked major milestones in promoting industry interoperability, standardisation, and enhanced productivity. ...