Budi Sudarwanto’s scientific contributions

Waqf is a Muslim culture directly related to urban spatial systems. The culture of Waqf that relates to land and buildings grows from a spirit of social generosity, and it cultivates shared communal spaces dedicated to the public interest. Waqf also cultivates an esoteric culture that binds the community to Islamic values. The existence of Waqf space, which has developed continually to the present day, begs the question of how this spatial concept came to be. Does this system offer a viable path to creating sustainable, urban, communal spaces? To answer this question, this research considered the conceptualization of Waqf space from a sustainable perspective. The research was conducted in the Kampong Kauman, Semarang Muslim community. A holistic single case study was conducted. The research indicated that the Waqf at the research location comprised seven spatial themes, including worship, learning, sharing, business, environmental infrastructure, Islamic broadcasting, and preservation. If these seven themes are abstracted into socio-environmental concepts, they can be mapped into three categories: public service, functional harmony, and adaptive comprehensiveness. These categories together construct an understanding of sustainable space within the Waqf framework.

One aspect of Islamic culture that combines spatial, ritual, and social aspects is land waqf, or the generous granting of land and buildings on it for public use. Waqf forms an esoteric culture that connects the community to Islamic values through the establishment of places of worship and social existence. The fact that waqf has developed in various places raise the question of why waqf has been able to survive for so long, and what are the factors behind this. To answer this question, a study was conducted aimed at formulating the concept of waqf space to support the self-reliance of coastal communities. The research site is a coastal village in Tugurejo village, Semarang city. Through a comprehensive single case study approach, this study yielded the finding that waqf forms his seven spatial themes including: 1) Prayer space theme, 2) studying space theme, 3) Space sharing theme, 4) The business space theme, 5) Settlement infrastructure space theme, 6) Islamic shiar space theme, 7) Conservation space theme. These seven themes of his form a socio-economic concept in the form of a space of fraternity, and are the pillars that support the self-reliance of the community of Tugurejo village.

Revitalization efforts showed a “new image”, namely as a resilient economic area, able to withstand environmental changes, safe and comfortable, which was part of sustainable development in urban areas. Semarang has been a trading city since the colonial era. One of the famous trading areas in Semarang is the Johar market district. The district has historical value. Up to now, this area is the largest traditional market in Semarang city. The Johar market building is one of the cultural heritage buildings in Semarang. There was such a big open space called Aloon-Aloon , near the Johar market. A big mosque, Kauman Grand Mosque, lies near the open space. The open space and the mosque have historical value in Semarang’s socio-cultural life. In May 2015, a big fire destroyed the buildings of Johar and Yaik markets. The building was reconstructed and renovated becoming a new Johar Market. In accordance with Aloon-Aloon’s concept, the former Yaik Market site was returned to be a public open space adapting to the current environmental and social conditions of society. In early 2022, the new market and the new public open space have been operated. This paper aims to describe images of the new Johar and Aloon-Aloon district. The paper implements a qualitative descriptive method for describing the current condition and using the theory of place related to the image of the district. The analysis utilizes pictures, and diagrams and is supported by the interview with the stakeholders. The results are a description of the new Johar – Aloon-Aloon district.

Public open space has a role in making settlements more comfortable and liveable. However, they were generally found deserted, unmaintained, and dull. Candi Baru (New Candi) was a residential area in Semarang located in the southern area, which is a highland. The residential area was designed by Thomas Karsten, a Dutch architect and urban planner during the colonial administration. The concept design of Candi Baru implemented by Thomas Karsten was similar to Garden City’s concept. From the previous discussions about the Candi Baru area, there was a gap in the use of public open spaces based on the spatial justice aspect. So, this paper aims to identify the use of public open spaces based on spatial justice for three parks in Candi Baru: the Sudirman, Merapi, and Diponegoro parks. For the identification, a qualitative method was implemented to describe spatial justice in the current usage of the three public open spaces. Therefore, the result of the paper will equip the understanding of the existence of public open spaces in the colonial urban area, which was inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.

One of the problems in today’s urban development is the scarcity of communal spaces in settlements. The communal space is a shared space where the community performs social interactions, establishes the community, and performs collective activities in the local community. One form of local wisdom that develops in forming communal spaces is the waqf land. Almost the entire Muslim community is involved in the running of the waqf. Likewise, in the city of Semarang, with its predominantly Muslim citizens, almost all kelurahan areas have waqf land. From this waqf land various communal spaces such as places of worship, education, and social, economic, and environmental infrastructure were developed. This study aims to formulate the territoriality of communal spaces that developed from the waqf process in Kauman Village as a representation of dense settlements in Semarang City. The research uses a holistic single case study method and inductive analysis to find the common thread of spatial territoriality. The study found that territoriality was developed through the enforcement of religious values, the legality of ownership status, institutional systems, and the development of complementary spatial functions according to communal needs. This system continues to serve the needs of the community in the long term.

Aktivitas utama di Kampung Arab Pasar Kliwon Kota Surakarta yaitu perdagangan perlengkapan kebutuhan maupun oleh-oleh khas haji dan umrah. Perkembangan aktivitas perdagangan di Kampung Arab Pasar Kliwon memacu berkembangnya aktivitas perdagangan di sektor lain. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan perubahan penggunaan ruang perdagangan di Kampung Arab Pasar Kliwon. Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis penggunaan dan perkembangan ruang perdagangan di Kampung Arab Pasar Kliwon. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis spasial menggunakan Software ArcGIS dan analisis konfigurasi ruang menggunakan Space Syntax. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ruang perdagangan di Kampung Arab Pasar Kliwon memiliki pola ruang berbentuk centers. Perencanaan kawasan Kampung Arab Pasar Kliwon masih dipengaruhi oleh aturan-aturan classical planning, seperti elemen pembentuk jalan dengan terdapat hirarki jalan dan pengembangan dari geometry grid dimana terdapat pertemuan jalan dengan garis tegas dan benteng atau tembok kota (tembok Keraton Surakarta). Nilai inteligibillity dari konfigurasi ruang Kampung Arab Pasar Kliwon tepatnya di Jalan Kapten Mulyadi menunjukkan konektivitas dan integrasi yang tinggi. Hal tersebut mempunyai arti adanya kemudahan akses dalam pencapaian ruang. Nilai R2 jaringan jalan di Kampung Arab Pasar Kliwon yaitu 0,566918 yang mengindikasikan sedang dan mendekati 1, memiliki makna tingkat kemudahan individu dalam memahami struktur ruang kawasan. Aktivitas utama perdagangan di Kampung Arab Pasar Kliwon berada di Jalan Kapten Mulyadi, lalu diikuti Jalan Untung Suropati (di sebelah Utara), dan Jalan Veteran (di sebelah Selatan), serta belum berkembang secara signifikan pada jalan lokal/lingkungan di Kampung Pasar Kliwon. Hasil penelitian dapat memberikan gambaran tentang karakteristik perkembangan ruang perdagangan di Kampung Arab sehingga dapat memberikan kemudahan dalam perencanaan dan pengembangan kawasan tersebut .

In Indonesia, the number of urban settlements continues to grow, while the paucity of communal space in urban areas persists. Therefore, it is vital to support local potential to achieve long-term success. Waqf generosity is one form of social development that has been institutionalized in society. Waqf, or benevolent generosity in surrendering personal possessions for the public good, is practiced by almost the entire Muslim community worshiping Allah SWT. This research aims to uncover the role of waqf in the formation of public spaces from a long-term viewpoint. This study employs a case study method to comprehend the real life of the waqf spatial entity in the urban village. The research location is Tugurejo Village, Tugu District, Semarang City. The study deviates from the grand theory to investigate the events at the study site. Interviews, observation, and secondary data are used to acquire data; descriptive methods are used to analyze the data, and the research findings are fed back into the grand theory. The research found that sustaining communal ownership rights and productivity advantages between generations ensures the sustainability of waqf as a communal space, resulting in a sustainable community structure.

Current settlements development face problems of funding sources for limited infrastructure construction. Especially during the Covid 19 pandemic, where state revenue as the main basis for infrastructure funding could not reach the expected target. It requires blended financing sources that do not only rely on the ability of state funding but also alternative sources of funding, one of which is in the form of philanthropy, an effort to help others which are manifested by a social charity in the form of funds or something else. This research applied a descriptive-analytic method to explore various philanthropic phenomena developed in Indonesia. The results show that philanthropy has been developing for a long time and has become one of the roots of the social life of the Indonesian people. Philanthropy grows from the spirit of togetherness in the community and encourages outcomes in the form of an increased sense of belonging, the community in socializing, and community initiatives in caring for and managing the built network system. The sustainability of infrastructure development on a community scale will be more guaranteed with the existence of philanthropy in the community.