Bruno Schmitt’s research while affiliated with Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc. and other places

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Publications (15)


Figure 4: Comparison of CNOT-size-optimizing methods and how much they improve upon SWAP-size-optimal methods (permutations on a path of 8). Our hybrid with optimal ordering approach achieves smaller CNOT count for 88.8% of all permutations.
Figure 5: Size comparison of four topologies for permutations synthesized using ROWCOL-Hybrid (optimal vertex removal order and picking the best of five orders), SWAP-size-optimal, and existing heuristics.
Figure 7: Depth comparison of four topologies for permutations synthesized using LR-Synth (hybrid, single, and all partitions), SWAP-depth-optimal, and tailored algorithms where one exists.
Figure 8: a) Scaling comparison of LR-Synth and Tweedledum SAT using a ring topology; the time on the Y axis is in arbitrary units since the algorithms were written in different languages and their runtimes cannot be directly compared. b) Tweedledum's SAT Solver spends substantial time on certain 'hard' permutations starting at around 29 qubits for ring topologies, which significantly increases average runtimes, while LR-Synth spends approximately the same amount of time on each permutation for a given number of qubits.
Recursive Methods for Synthesizing Permutations on Limited-Connectivity Quantum Computers
  • Preprint
  • File available

July 2022

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28 Reads

Cynthia Chen

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Bruno Schmitt

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Helena Zhang

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[...]

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Ali Javadi-Abhari

We describe a family of recursive methods for the synthesis of qubit permutations on quantum computers with limited qubit connectivity. Two objectives are of importance: circuit size and depth. In each case we combine a scalable heuristic with a non-scalable, yet exact, synthesis. Our algorithms are applicable to generic connectivity constraints, scale favorably, and achieve close-to-optimal performance in many cases. We demonstrate the utility of these algorithms by optimizing the compilation of Quantum Volume circuits, and to disprove an old conjecture on reversals being the hardest permutation on a path.

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Exact Synthesis of ESOP Forms

January 2020

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88 Reads

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15 Citations

We present an exact synthesis approach for computing Exclusive-or Sum-of-Products (ESOP) forms with a minimum number of product terms using Boolean satisfiability. Our approach finds one or more ESOP forms for a given Boolean function. The approach can deal with incompletely specified Boolean functions defined over many Boolean variables and is particularly fast if the Boolean function can be expressed with only a few product terms. We describe the formalization of the ESOP synthesis problem with a fixed number of terms as a decision problem and present search procedures for determining ESOP forms of minimum size. We further discuss how the search procedures can be relaxed to find ESOP forms of small sizes in reasonable time. We experimentally evaluate the performance of the SAT-based synthesis procedures on completely and incompletely specified Boolean functions.


Boolean satisfiability in quantum compilation

December 2019

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44 Reads

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19 Citations

Quantum compilation is the task of translating a quantum algorithm implemented in a high-level quantum programming language into a technology-dependent instructions flow for a physical quantum computer. To tackle the large gap between the quantum program and the low-level instructions, quantum compilation is split into a multi-stage flow consisting of several layers of abstraction. Several different individual tasks have been proposed for the layers in the flow, many of them are NP-hard. In this article, we will describe the flow and we will propose algorithms based on Boolean satisfiability, which is a good match to tackle such computationally complex problems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Harmonizing energy-autonomous computing and intelligence’.


Evaluating ESOP Optimization Methods in Quantum Compilation Flows

May 2019

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62 Reads

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12 Citations

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Exclusive-or sum-of-products (ESOP) expressions are used as intermediate representations in quantum circuit synthesis flows, and their complexity impacts the number of gates of the resulting circuits. Many state-of-the-art techniques focus on minimizing the number of product terms in a ESOP expression, either exactly or in a heuristic fashion. In this paper, we investigate into ESOP optimization considering two recent quantum compilation flows with opposite requirements. The first flow generates Boolean functions with a small number of Boolean variables, which enables the usage of methods from exact synthesis; the second flow generates Boolean functions with many Boolean variables, such that heuristics are more effective. We focus on the reduction of the number of T gates, which are expensive in fault-tolerant quantum computing and integrate ESOP optimization methods into both flows. We show an average reductions of 36.32% in T-count for the first flow, while in the second flow an average reduction of 28.23% is achieved.


Citations (13)


... Like other QAOA approaches, the Hamiltonian unitary usually leads to huge circuit complexity after decomposition, making it challenging to deploy on NISQ devices. Typically, existing decomposition methods show exponential complexity to approximate the unitary [12], [43], and often exhibit high approximation error [46]. For example, trotter decomposition [36] approximates the unitary e −iβH d by dividing it into a series of small unitaries e −iβH d /N . ...

Reference:

Choco-Q: Commute Hamiltonian-based QAOA for Constrained Binary Optimization
Optimizing quantum circuit synthesis for permutations using recursion
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • July 2022

... Due to their frequent utilization in quantum circuits, optimizing the overall cost of oracles has become a significant focus. Various synthesis and optimization methods for oracles have been proposed in recent years [1], [3], [4], [5]. In particular, oracle synthesis functionality has been integrated into quantum software platforms such as Qiskit [6] and Q# [7]. ...

From Boolean functions to quantum circuits: A scalable quantum compilation flow in C++
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • February 2021

... This AST is then converted to a classical logic network in the mockturtle library [52]. After running some classical optimizations provided by mockturtle, Asdf passes this classical circuit to tweedledum [40], which generates a Bennett embedding | ⟩ | ⟩ = | ⟩ | ⊕ ( )⟩ for the corresponding classical function [5,31,41]. The result is expressed in tweedledum Circuit IR, which we transpile to QCircuit IR. ...

Compilation flow for classically defined quantum operations
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • February 2021

... [78] and [23], as well as additional works such as Refs. [86,100,103]. Together, these describe software for everything from quantum compilation to mapping to verification. It is therefore important to emphasize that the goal of MustangQ is not to replace the many sophisticated quantum software design tools that already exist (especially those with thousands of users, such as Qiskit, PyTket, and Cirq), but rather to complement them. ...

Using ZDDs in the Mapping of Quantum Circuits

Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science

... The Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem [55] asks whether there exists a solution that satisfies all constraints in a given set of Boolean constraints. This fundamental problem holds immense significance in computer science with applications spanning combinatorial optimization [25], software verification [57], probabilistic inference [10], mathematical conjecture proving [23], machine learning [28], and quantum computing [52,56]. While SAT is known to be NPcomplete, recent decades have witnessed remarkable advances in SAT solver technology [55] for both CDCL-based complete solvers [51,4] and heuristic-search incomplete solvers [50]. ...

Boolean satisfiability in quantum compilation

... For all these reasons, in the last decades several algorithms have been proposed for exact and heuristic minimization of ESOP forms [26], [28], [29], [30], [32], [36], with the aim of reducing the overall costs of their hardware realizations and software implementations. Heuristic methods focus on finding small (but not necessarily minimum) ESOP forms; they are fast, but only examine a subset of the possible search space. ...

Scaling-up ESOP Synthesis for Quantum Compilation
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • May 2019

... For an arbitrary k-input single-target function, G(x 1 , . . . , x k ) an optimal ESOP form can be obtained employing techniques like [12] and then using (3) the corresponding ESOP forms for the auxiliary variable p realizing G or ¬G can be derived. Thus, quantum circuit interpretation of these ESOP-based SAT clauses for each auxiliary variable requires no more than one additional qubit and the implementation can be claimed optimal provided inexpensive ESOP form of G is employed. ...

Exact Synthesis of ESOP Forms
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2020

... From (12), we can conclude that the overall phase-depth ZD ESO P of the ESOP-based reversible circuit is less compared to the ZD Exact circuit on decomposition into fault-tolerant architecture as because of lesser literals [42]. Each MCT-gate can be linearly decomposed into fault-tolerant structure in linear-depth (4). ...

Evaluating ESOP Optimization Methods in Quantum Compilation Flows
  • Citing Chapter
  • May 2019

Lecture Notes in Computer Science