Brittany Cunningham's research while affiliated with Oregon State University and other places
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Publications (6)
Reports of plastics, at higher levels than previously thought, in the water that we drink and the air that we breathe, are generating considerable interest and concern. Plastics have been recorded in almost every environment in the world with estimates on the order of trillions of microplastic pieces. Yet, this may very well be an underestimate of...
Synthetic rubber emissions from automobile tires are common in aquatic ecosystems. To assess potential impacts on exposed organisms, early life stages of the estuarine indicator species Inland Silverside (Menidia beryllina) and mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) were exposed to three tire particle (TP) concentrations at micro and nano size fractions...
Environmental sampling has documented a diversity of microplastics, including high levels of black rubber— generally identified as tire debris. Though organisms have been shown to ingest tire particles (TPs), past research focused on toxicity of leachate alone, overlooking potential effects of particles. To address these gaps, we assessed the toxic...
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in commerce, however, the effect of their physicochemical properties on toxicity remains debatable because of the confounding presence of Ag+ ions. Thus, we designed a series of AgNPs that are stable to surface oxidation and Ag+ ion release. AgNPs were coated with a hybrid lipid membrane comprised of L-p...
Vaping is the process of inhaling and exhaling an aerosol produced by an e-cigarette, vape pen, or personal aerosolizer. When the device contains nicotine, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lists the product as an electronic nicotine delivery system or ENDS device. Similar electronic devices can be used to vape cannabis extracts. Over the past...
Citations
... Nevertheless, some hotspots of NPLs pollution can be of risk for aquatic biota. Critical gaps in NPLs research and their connection to risk assessment show numerous open questions that are vital to assessing risk and the necessity of considering the smallest plastic particles, namely, their sources, fate and transport, exposure measures, toxicity, and effects [18]. ...
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... The potential for TRWP, or associated leachates, to affect mortality in aquatic organisms including salmonids and Daphnia has been demonstrated in Brinkmann et al. (2022), Siddiqui et al. (2022), Tian et al. (2020), Halle et al. (2021), Gualtieri et al. (2005a and c), while DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in human airway cells was shown in Gualtieri et al. (2005b and c) and Gualtieri et al. (2008). Affects on mortality of soil meiofauna were demonstrated in Kim et al. (2021). ...
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... The interactions may be due to physical effects of TWM such as particle size and morphology, or due to the effects of substances leaching from the particles into the environment [9]. Particles are problematic when ingested, as they take up space in the gastrointestinal tract and thus interfere with food intake [10]. Larger particles can also accumulate in the body of an organism, leading to a long-term reduction in vitality. ...
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... Since their function largely depends on their physical and chemical properties, AgNPs are often stabilized with various coatings that sterically or electrostatically hinder their reactivity [17]. Many studies have shown that their stability, i.e., shape, surface area, and size, is strongly correlated with the functional properties of AgNPs and therefore plays a key role in their environmental behavior and toxicity [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Since the stability of AgNPs is of great importance, various surface coatings are used in their synthesis [17]. ...
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... While these flavourings are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for consumption, they are not approved for inhalation and heating of the flavouringcontaining solvent releases chemicals in addition to those released by heating PG/VG and/or nicotine. 32 Increased concentration of flavourings is associated with increased production of aldehydes including formaldehydes, acrolein, and vanillin, indicating that flavouring compounds are a key source of toxic aldehyde production. Furthermore, these compounds are not part of the mixture of flavouring compounds, and are instead formed during chemical reactions of the e-liquid constituents during heating. ...
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