Brent E. Turvey's research while affiliated with Hospital Juarez De Mexico and other places
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Publications (186)
The term psychological autopsy (PA) is meant to describe a forensic assessment in which victim's psychosocial evidence is gathered and evaluated in order to answer questions about their mental state and intent. Generally, this is done in relation to a questioned death—when the cause and manner are in question, and suicide is being considered as a v...
Nomothetic terrorist profiling models are too often based on oversimplified and uninformed prejudices, not actual insight into criminal behavior. In fact, we know this problem all too well, which is why racial profiling was on track to be eradicated in the United States only a decade ago. However, racial profiling gained new life with the terrorist...
This chapter demonstrates the value of a crime scene analysis or criminal profiling reports as an Integrated Forensic Assessment—incorporating the concepts of intersectional violence and human rights. This is done to explain their established value in both investigative and subsequent legal proceedings. An Integrated Forensic Assessment is a trans-...
Inferring the traits of individuals responsible for committing criminal acts has commonly been referred to as criminal profiling. Professionals engaged in the practice of criminal profiling have historically included a broad spectrum of investigators, behavioral scientists, social scientists, and forensic scientists. Their involvement in unsolved c...
The author and contributors remain concerned about the reliability of many available methods of criminal profiling—and the overall absence of integrated or trans-disciplinary thinking among practitioners. To say nothing of the absence of good scientific practice. This has to do with the fact that nomothetic profilers habitually isolate individual b...
Behavioral evidence analysis (BEA) is a method of criminal profiling that seeks to examine the behaviors and patterns in a particular offense and then make specific inferences about offender characteristics that are evident directly from crime-related behavior. The purpose of BEA is to provide insight into criminal behavior and to define or refine...
Those who make false allegations are criminals. Falsely reporting crime is a criminal offense and may be a felony depending upon the reporter's established intent and the extent of harm caused. The false reporter may also be subject to severe financial penalties in the civil arena, from both victims of their defamation and those duped into expendin...
Mass murder is commonly associated with context-specific motives and related ideological variables. Major contextual factors include workplace-related disputes, gender-related violence, and even racism. However, there is no one nomothetic “profile” that can be rendered from studying cases of mass murder. They are diverse in their individual traits,...
Case linkage or linkage analysis refers to the process of determining whether or not there are discrete connections between two or more previously unrelated cases through crime scene analysis. It involves establishing and comparing the physical evidence, victimology, crime scene characteristics, motivation, modus operandi (MO), and signature behavi...
Crime scene analysis (a.k.a. crime analysis) is the analytical process of interpreting the specific features of a crime, related crime scenes, and relevant contextual information. It requires consideration of the complete forensic investigation, to include forensic victimology and the subsequent examination of available physical and behavioral evid...
Behavioral evidence analysis (BEA) is an ideo-deductive method of crime scene analysis and criminal profiling. It involves the examination and interpretation of physical evidence, forensic victimology, and crime scene characteristics. For the purposes of criminal profiling, the results of these individual examinations can be analyzed for behavioral...
Forensic victimology is concerned with the investigation and examination of particular victims alleged to have suffered specific crimes, which is an idiographic form of knowledge building. It is intended to serve both investigative and forensic goals, which are very different in scope and reliability with respect to findings. In order to reduce bia...
Criminal motive can be defined as the emotional, psychological, and material needs that impel and are satisfied by behavior. Determinations of motive are not made directly, as it is not possible to read the mind of any criminal, nor are confessions regarding motivation reliable without corroboration. Motives are most reliably inferred by reasoning...
Racial profiling, as already discussed, involves an assumption or prediction regarding criminal propensity and suspect guilt based on a single trait (e.g., race, skin color, nationality, ethnicity, and manner of dress as predictors). It does not look for patterns based on multiple factors. It reinforces racism, prejudice, and related stereotypes ba...
Sexual asphyxia can be practiced both as an autoerotic activity and as a consensual sadomasochistic act between two or more people. When consensual sexual asphyxia results in death, the death is unintended. Conversely, acts of nonconsensual sexual asphyxia would be for the needs of the person restricting the other person's oxygen source and are bes...
Most criminal profilers operate outside of a specific or written code of professional ethics. Consequently, many criminal profilers give expert advice and opinions without having to worry about being held responsible for them. This is made apparent by the fact that there are numerous high-profile cases where the unethical conduct of profilers has r...
A criminal profile is a collection of logical inferences documenting the relevant qualities of the person responsible for committing a crime or a series of crimes. This sounds easy to understand. But this definition has been oversimplified by authors for much too long, with a tendency to accommodate the simplicity required when practitioners have l...
Criminal profiling is an investigative tool that has been around for hundreds of years in various incarnations, used by professionals from multiple disciplines. In recent history, it has enjoyed some popularity and even celebrity owing to fictional portrayals in film and on television. However, celebrity does not equate with certainty, and not all...
Many serial offenders commit crimes of different types in the course of a season or career. Unfortunately—because of the way that crime is reported, studied, investigated, and prosecuted—investigators and criminologists often believe that the opposite is true. They tend, instead, to believe the false serial offender archetypes and narratives provid...
Crime reconstruction is the determination of the actions and events surrounding the commission of a crime. A reconstruction may be accomplished by using the statements of witnesses, the confession of a suspect, the statement of a living victim, or the examination and interpretation of physical evidence. It requires the ability to put together a puz...
A femicide is a particular kind of homicide, motivated by gender in a context of male entitlement and culturally based gender discrimination. It is defined by the United Nations (UN, 2014) as the murder of a woman for gender-related reasons. Generally, it involves a sense of male entitlement, ownership, or objectification of those with a female gen...
Offender signature refers to the pattern or cluster of modus operandi (MO) behaviors, signature behaviors, and motivation-oriented behaviors that occur within an offense or across a series of related offenses. MO behaviors are actions and decisions that are intended to assist in the completion of a crime. By contrast, signature behaviors are those...
In the most general terms, Criminal profiling is the practice of making inferences about the characteristics of suspected offenders based on indirect behavioral evidence. The variety of professionals engaged in criminal profiling have historically included investigators, behavioral scientists, social scientists, and forensic scientists working both...
The term Autoerotic Death applies to any death which occurs during, and because of, autoerotic behavior. In these cases a device, apparatus, prop, chemical, or behavior that is engaged to facilitate or enhance sexual stimulation ultimately causes the death. Autoerotic asphyxia is a specific type of autoerotic behavior, referring to the deliberate i...
The evaluation of reported sexual assault has always presented challenges to those responsible for related assessments. Primarily because most investigators and forensic examiners are sexually naive and emotionally immature. Consequently, they haven’t had much practice speaking with other adults about sexual behavior.
Most forensic professionals ar...
The scientific literature on the subject of violence is unequivocal. There are many different kinds of violent behavior, found in many different social and institutional contexts, giving rise to manifestations that are often invisible to those responsible for conducting an investigation. Despite containing well-developed tools for revealing the tru...
In this chapter, we provide forensic reports related to the case of Oklahoma v. Elvis Thacker. He and his older brother, Johnathan, have both been convicted of first-degree murder in the sexual homicide of Briana J. Ault. In fact, Johnathan made a plea deal to testify against his brother, in exchange for his life. It is not unreasonable to suggest...
Criminogenesis refers to the origins of criminal behavior or the causes of crime. Traditionally it is discussed in terms of whether a criminal is born or made, and criminality is then framed as an individual preference or propensity. However, the origins of crime, and the genesis of criminal behavior, are far more complicated than this.
Criminogeni...
This chapter demonstrates the value of Crime Scene Analysis (CSA) and subsequent Criminal Profiling reports as Integrated Forensic Assessments—incorporating the concepts of intersectional violence and human rights. An Integrated Forensic Assessment is a trans-disciplinary examination of case-related evidence with a human rights perspective. It impl...
No matter the country, and no matter the government, there will always be allegations of torture. Some will be true. Some will be false. It is the role of the forensic examiner to help determine which is the case—without passion or prejudice.
The use of torture violates human rights, civil rights, and criminal statutes across the board. It disregar...
Expressions of violence exist on a historical and contextual continuum. It must be understood that the aggressor is continuously trying to modulate the degree of observable violence, to meet the level of impunity that they perceive in a given space. If they perceive consequences, their level of aggression decreases. If they perceive impunity or com...
The presupposed connection between violence, mental illness, and addiction allows for the assertion that these two groups represent a direct cause of crime. That criminality is an individual choice, even when made by a madman. That crime is not a function of history, or context, or intersectionality—but of bad character and bad breeding.
The belief...
A substantial portion of the literature in Criminal Psychology is dedicated to Forensic Mental Health Assessments, either directly or indirectly. Some of it is based on good scientific practice and solid research from learned sources. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.
Given the extensive reliance of the court on expert testimony from fore...
In the vast majority of cases, serial murder is the consequence of an unchecked violent spiral. It does not result from a “lust” for murder. It is not the consequence of specific mental illness. It is also not because those responsible were born murderers. The perpetuation of such myths is perhaps among the greatest and most persistent failures wit...
Criminal profiling and police psychology have not been immediately associated for some time, in either research or practice. And then only in crime fiction. Police psychologists perform direct psychological assessments of individuals; criminal profilers perform indirect assessments of behavioral evidence from crime scenes. These are very different...
Crime Prevention is a term that refers to the development of strategies, protocols, programs, policies, and laws that are intended to stop crime and victimization before they occur. Or at least make it much less possible. It has also been defined as “the anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk, and the initiation of action to remov...
Crime scene investigation refers to the process of establishing the scientific facts of a case using physical evidence that has been gathered in relation to suspected criminal activity. Crime scene investigation does not occur only within the confines of yellow barrier tape under the watchful eye of law enforcement officers and investigators; it is...
Those who solve complex problems do so by gathering information before acting; thinking systematically; reviewing their progress; and correcting themselves often. Those who make the most errors tended to cling to preconceived theories; do not correct themselves; and blame others when things go wrong. These errors made in complex situations are not...
When acts of torture are used, sponsored, or tolerated by government agents, it is an abuse of authority. What's more, it is an effective demonstration of cruelty evidencing cultural and institutional tyranny. This is perhaps why there is no better mechanism for inducing resentment, mistrust, and then active resistance from those who suffer its eff...
Forensic investigators must accept that they work in service of the law and the courts. This requires understanding the structure and function of the various components of the adversarial system. It also means accepting how, working together, they are intended to create the balance that justice requires. They must acknowledge and respect the value...
Rape refers to nonconsensual sexual penetration. It is a form of sexual assault, which refers generally to any nonconsensual sexual contact. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the forensic investigator with an applied understanding of the variety of physical evidence involved in cases of alleged rape and sexual assault, how to evaluate it, a...
The forensic interview is conducted for the purposes of assisting an investigation, in a legally defensible manner, and meets the criteria for courtroom admissibility. It is also intended to be structured in such a fashion as to elicit specific types of information from the subject in order to achieve maximum integrity and accountability. These mea...
Crime scene processing is a term that refers to the recognition, documentation, preservation, collection, and transportation of physical evidence for examination and testing. There are different kinds of crime scenes and different levels of processing, each with its own limitations and considerations. These efforts must be consistent, comprehensive...
Forensic victimology is concerned with the investigation and examination of particular victims alleged to have suffered specific crimes, which is an idiographic form of knowledge building. It is intended to serve both investigative and forensic goals, which are very different in scope and reliability with respect to findings. To reduce bias and ach...
The medicolegal death investigation is meant to be an independent scientific inquiry carried out by qualified investigative and medical personnel trained in forensic pathology. In reality, it is more often a muted effort, hampered by untrained personnel, political agendas, and an overall lack of examiner competence within a broken and underfunded s...
The forensic investigators understand what they need to do to identify, document, collect, and preserve forensic evidence of all kinds and to do so in a fashion that ensures its reliability and admissibility. They also understand they will be challenged, from all sides, which they embrace because this is how it should be. It also means they are cap...
Forensic investigators have a professional duty of care that must include adequate education and training; competent practice for which they must be accountable; fitness for duty; and a clearly defined code of professional ethics outlining their obligation to the truth and the law before agencies or politics. Unfortunately the existing literature s...
The terms forensic investigator and forensic investigation are part of our cultural identity. They can be found in the news, on television, and in film. They are invoked, generally, to imply that highly trained personnel will be collecting some form of physical evidence with eventual scientific results that cannot be questioned or bargained with. I...
A threshold assessment (TA) is an investigative report that reviews the initial physical evidence of the behavior, forensic victimology, and crime scene characteristics for a particular case, or a series of related cases, in order to provide immediate direction. It is not informed by complete access to all crime scene documentation, victim informat...
Allegations of sexual assault are just that. Consequently, until there has been an investigation and a criminal conviction, the person making the allegation may only be referred to as a complainant. Referring to them as a “victim” prior to this is biased, from a forensic perspective, and violates the function of a criminal trial. This is because us...
Professionalization is the process by which any trade or vocation becomes professional, characterized by a high degree of competence with respect to domain-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities. Ideally, professional societies, associations, and organizations are intended to assist with the professionalization of the fields they serve. This gen...
Case linkage, also referred to as linkage analysis, is the process of determining whether there are discrete connections, or distinctive behavioral factors, that associate two or more previously unrelated cases by means of crime scene analysis. It involves establishing and comparing the physical evidence, victimology, crime scene characteristics, m...
The term sexual homicide is a broad classification. It can be accurately used to describe any homicide that evidences one or more of the following: sexual activity, a sexual component, or a sexual aspect. Examples of these include evidence of sexual activity between the offender and the victim, victim nudity—full or partial to include the exposure...
Anabolic steroid abuse is often discussed in relation to body dysmorphic disorder, which is a psychiatric condition characterized by those who worry about their body image (e.g., shape, size, and dimensions) to the point of delusion. Such cases are incredibly rare. However, they are also covered by the discussions in this chapter as they share the...
The authors have observed that police officers and their families deny steroid abuse as part of the cycle of addiction; public safety agencies deny it so that they don’t have to take any corrective or punitive action that might bring further liability; and the courts deny it, hoping to protect prior convictions from the stain of law enforcement mis...
Eric Meadors is a former student of both authors.
Clen and Adderall prescriptions are very popular among celebrities and reality television stars as a means for rapid weight loss—however, they also associated with irrational behavior. Adderall is an amphetamine, while Clenbuterol is a beta 2 agonist. Both are appetite suppressants and promote fat loss with muscle retention. In high doses, both can...
Unionized agencies may have some problems with this. Additionally, drug tests may not be administered in some agencies until there is a job offer on the table. However, a waiver could be drafted in order to satisfy these issues. Refusal to sign the waiver would indicate that there might be a problem, and suggests the need for further pre-employment...
Wellness is often described as good physical and mental health.
Possession of anabolic steroids is generally a misdemeanor unless the intent to sell can be established. Then it becomes a felony. As we will discuss, the dealer–user model is common with these drugs, to finance what can be an expensive addiction.
Criminal profiling refers to any means of inferring the traits of individuals responsible for committing criminal acts. Professionals involved in the practice of criminal profiling have historically included behavioral scientists, social scientists, forensic scientists and criminal investigators. Generally, profiling methods tend to be either induc...
This text provides an investigative and forensic desk reference manual for investigators and attorneys responding to complaints of anabolic steroid abuse among public safety personnel, including those in law enforcement, firefighting, and emergency medical services. Anabolic Steroid Abuse in Public Safety Personnel: A Forensic Manual provides reade...
In this chapter, we discuss the nature and consequences of police corruption and its contributions to miscarriages of justice. At the outset, it is important to understand that those working in the criminal justice system come to appreciate that each police agency, and each police station, is separate from every other—both physically and culturally...
Forensic nursing is a subspecialty of forensic science and nursing in which the science of nursing is applied to the resolution of legal matters. A forensic nurse is a particular kind of forensic examiner who provides patient care in the context of evidence recognition, documentation, collection, and preservation efforts. Forensic nurses are conseq...
To the forensic community’s credit, history has shown that even complex evidentiary issues can be answered when qualified and ethical forensic scientists use validated methods, techniques, and technologies to examine physical evidence. It has been thus for more than a century. Although forensic scientists are influential players in the justice syst...
Apart from fingerprints or DNA, perhaps the most powerful evidence that an investigator can have is a suspect confession or eyewitness identification. Either can be enough to get an indictment and then eventually lead a jury to convict. However, through DNA exonerations, both types of evidence have been revealed as more fallible than generally pres...
The purpose of this chapter is to discuss what happens when there is a failure with respect to forensic examinations, whether it be on the part of a single professional, among laboratory supervisors, or across an entire laboratory system. It demonstrates that such failures cannot occur in a vacuum, and that they are often the result of influences t...
Once the reality of wrongful convictions has been confirmed anecdotally, the question of frequency arises. Researchers and other CJ professionals want to know how often miscarriages occur, and whether there are consistent correlates that can lend themselves to prediction and possibly prevention. At the outset, it must be acknowledged that despite t...
The purpose of this chapter is to discuss prosecutorial misconduct, which is “the use of deceptive or reprehensible methods to attempt to persuade either the court or the jury” (see California v. Hill, 1998; California v. Espinosa, 1992; California v. Price, 1991; and California v. Pitts, 1990). Prosecutorial misconduct is considered a major factor...
Stranger violence occurs when an offender attacks a victim that he or she does not know. There is a false belief held by some that strangers represent the greatest danger to our personal safety. This perception endures because of the way the media reports and portrays crime. This chapter dispels prevailing myths and rhetoric connected with stranger...
In this chapter, we explore the relationship between flawed forensic science, expert testimony, and miscarriages of justice. First, we take stock of how the legal community tends to view the forensic sciences. Then we review related empirical findings. Next, we discuss the National Academy of Sciences Report on the forensic science community-a wate...
The purpose of this chapter is to provide readers with an applied sense of what 911 emergency response is and does; the challenges faced by 911 dispatchers when dealing with callers in distress; and the problems that have and continue to plague 911 emergency response systems in general, from personnel issues to funding shortages.
Miscarriage of justice is a general term used to describe the inequity that occurs when victims or offenders do not receive fair treatment by the justice system, often resulting in a legal outcome that is not in their favor. The goals of this chapter are to dispel prevailing myths and rhetoric connected with the nature and causes of miscarriages in...
Extract: Workplace violence is defined by one authority as "violence or the threat of violence against others" (OSHA 2002, 1). Because of sensational coverage by the popular media, the public perception of the frequency of different incarnations of workplace-related violence, such as homicide, is likely to be greatly distorted. Watching the evening...
Citations
... Мотиви місця злочину фіксуються в часі, стосовно конкретної події, тобто вони вже відбулися і не зміняться. Науковці з Freeman J. І інші, виділяють дві групи мотивів, які можливо встановити вивчаючи місця злочинузагальними і тематичними [31]. ...
... This is complemented by the common consideration of the number of cases an officer has successfully won in court in appraising the performance of officers and police departments. Just to note here, such performance appraisal condition no doubt prompts a conflict of interests in officers (Turvey & Savino, 2018). ...
... Hadith includes all the words, deeds, characteristics, and approval of the prophet that must be followed. Based on this definition, Hadith is divided into four forms: qaulan or words, fi'lan or deeds, sifatan consisting of physical and non-physical characters, and taqriran or determinations (Mares & Turvey, 2018). In Islam, the existence of Hadith is a way of life that must be followed. ...
... At first, she noted that 20 White men had raped her, but with time, she proceeded to state that the people who penetrated her were only three (Hughes et al., 2017) [4] . Moreover, she had stated that she had suffered groping without mentioning any penetration but later updated it to rape (McGrath et al., 2018) [7] . As time went by, she proceeded to say that she had been penetrated from behind but did not know what was used to do that, and thus, it could have been anything (Hughes et al., 2017) [4] . ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272690678333465-1442025932769_Q64/Michael-Mcgrath-12.jpg)
... In the United States, it is estimated that 25%-50% of child custody disputes involve allegations of domestic violence (Hardesty et al., 2015;Morrill et al., 2005). Harman et al. (2018) described FA of DV as the "silver bullet" in custody disputes because of their potential impact on decisions regarding access to the child (Mares & Turvey, 2018). FAs of DV are often made in the course of a broader conflict between the parties, sometimes at the bitter end of a relationship (Austin, 2005). ...
... It has been acknowledged that MDAs have potential benefits as well as risks, such as the provision of fake medicine or illegal prescriptions, healthcare fraud, and privacy and security issues. An upsurge in healthcare fraud deceiving users, involving millions of dollars (Savino & Turvey, 2018), threatens the adoption of and intention to use MDAs. However, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms can be adopted for solid healthcare fraud detection. ...
... ENDNOTES 1 The indicative profiles that we develop in this study are developed in the investigative context, not in the forensic context. Forensic context profiles, by comparison to investigative context, are those types of profiles that are prepared for consultations or examinations of known offenders who are being tried in criminal or civil court, primarily for legal purposes (Turvey, 2015). Investigative context profiles, on the other hand, focus on the general characteristics of potential or likely offenders. ...
... Además, independientemente de los conceptos que cada tipo de literatura emplee en la materia, el objetivo del procesamiento del lugar de intervención siempre será el "identificar científicamente, documentar, reunir y preservar pruebas que sean admisibles en un tribunal y permitan vincular a los sospechosos, las víctimas y las pruebas físicas con el lugar en cuestión." (OACNUDH, 2017, p. 31).Gran parte de la literatura(Miller & Massey, 2019;Romero, 2018;Houck, Crispino & McAdam, 2018;Chisum & Turvey, 2017;Petherick, & Rowan, 2015;Montiel, 2014; Turvey & Freeman, 2011; Chisum, Turvey & Freeman, 2011), concuerdan que la investigación del lugar de intervención se basa en tres aspectos básicos: Identificación, Documentación y Recolección de la evidencia(Véase Tabla 8.), Houck, Crispino y McAdams (2018) lo denominan como las 3R's (Recognize, Record & Recover en inglés), del procesamiento científico del lugar de intervención. De acuerdo con estos autores, "si se emplea de forma correcta estos métodos, la mayor cantidad de información puede ser extraida de cualquier escena del crimen y por un equipo forense bien entrenado." ...
... In unsolved missing persons cases, the exercise becomes even more complex as only information related to the victim and the environmental context of the disappearance are available (Fyfe et al., 2015;LePard et al., 2015). To address this situation, it seems appropriate to use the forensic victimology approach developed by Turvey and his colleagues (Ferguson & Turvey, 2008;Turvey, 2008aTurvey, , 2008bTurvey & Freeman, 2017). This approach-consisting of using victim information to help criminal investigations (Ferguson & Turvey, 2008)-is based on interactionist victimological theories (i.e., lifestyle theory and routine activities theory), which allows for the understanding of victimization processes through the prism of risk exposure (Ferguson & Turvey, 2008). ...
... Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 1406 2 of 22 patients undergoing the above-mentioned therapies is that these therapies cannot distinguish between tumor cells and healthy cells in the body, resulting in the occurrence of serious adverse reactions [5,[7][8][9]. These adverse reactions are most often represented by alopecia, decreased immunity through the suppression of bone marrow function, fever, nausea, vomiting, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, electrolyte imbalances, and decreased muscle tone [10,11]. One way to avoid these adverse reactions is to use targeted therapies, where drugs or mechanisms for destroying tumor cells are specifically directed to the tumor [8,12,13]. ...
