Bonnie J. Konishi’s scientific contributions

... The ratio between tree height and row spacing influences yield and fruit quality due to the proportion of light intercepted by trees or tree sections. Increasing tree height or reducing row spacing lead to higher light interception and in turn yield (Jackson, 1980;Palmer, 1981;Barritt et al., 1991;Robinson et al., , 1993Callesen, 1989, 1995;Wagenmakers and Wertheim, 1991;Wheaton et al., 1995;Gómez-del-Campo et al., 2020). However, when the tree height to row spacing ratio exceeds 1.0, sufficient light penetration and distribution throughout the canopy must be achieved to produce high-quality fruit and to ensure optimal return bloom. ...

Reference:

Narrow orchard systems for pome and stone fruit-a review