Board on Health Care Services's research while affiliated with University of Pittsburgh and other places
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Publications (18)
The U.S. Social Security Administration has requested the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine establish an ad hoc committee to review certain heritable conditions related to connective tissues, including but not necessarily limited to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome. The Committee will use published evidence and pro...
An ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will review selected conditions related to the immune system and produce a report addressing the current status of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of those conditions based on published evidence (to the extent possible) and professional judgement (where evi...
Cancer is the second leading cause of death among adults in the United States after heart disease. However, improvements in cancer treatment and earlier detection are leading to growing numbers of cancer survivors. As the number of cancer survivors grows, there is increased interest in how cancer and its treatments may affect a person’s ability to...
Millions of people are living with dementia in the United States and globally. To live well with dementia, people need care, services, and supports that reflect their values and preferences, build on their strengths and abilities, promote well-being, and address needs that evolve as cognitive impairment deepens. Persons living with dementia co-mana...
Since the late 1960s, the survival rate in children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer has steadily improved, with a corresponding decline in the cancer-specific death rate. Although the improvements in survival are encouraging, they have come at the cost of acute, chronic, and late adverse effects precipitated by the toxicities associated with...
Astronauts face unique health-related risks during crewed space missions, and longer-duration missions that extend to greater distances in our solar system (including to the Moon and Mars) will likely increase those risks. Cancer risks due to ionizing radiation exposure are one of these health-related risks. Assessing, managing, and communicating r...
Advances in genetics and genomics are transforming medical practice, resulting in a dramatic growth of genetic testing in the health care system. The rapid development of new technologies, however, has also brought challenges, including the need for rigorous evaluation of the validity and utility of genetic tests, questions regarding the best ways...
Family caregiving affects millions of Americans every day, in all walks of life. At least 17.7 million individuals in the United States are caregivers of an older adult with a health or functional limitation. The nation's family caregivers provide the lion's share of long-term care for our older adult population. They are also central to older adul...
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) have been moving from volume-based, fee-for-service payment to value-based payment (VBP), which aims to improve health care quality, health outcomes, and patient care experiences, while also controlling costs. Since the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, CMS has impl...
Recent health care payment reforms aim to improve the alignment of Medicare payment strategies with goals to improve the quality of care provided, patient experiences with health care, and health outcomes, while also controlling costs. These efforts move Medicare away from the volume-based payment of traditional fee-for-service models and toward va...
Identifying and Addressing the Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine's National Cancer Policy Forum in July 2013 to facilitate discussion about gaps and challenges in caring for adolescent and young adult cancer patients and potential strategies and actions to improve th...
Breast cancer remains the most common invasive cancer among women. The primary patients of breast cancer are adult women who are approaching or have reached menopause; 90 percent of new cases in U.S. women in 2009 were diagnosed at age 45 or older. Growing knowledge of the complexity of breast cancer stimulated a transition in breast cancer researc...
IOM's 1999 landmark study To Err is Human estimated that between 44,000 and 98,000 lives are lost every year due to medical errors. This call to action has led to a number of efforts to reduce errors and provide safe and effective health care. Information technology (IT) has been identified as a way to enhance the safety and effectiveness of care....
Access to oral health care is essential to promoting and maintaining overall health and well-being, yet only half of the population visits a dentist each year. Poor and minority children are less likely to have access to oral health care than are their nonpoor and nonminority peers. Older adults, people who live in rural areas, and disabled individ...
Though it is highly preventable, tooth decay is a common chronic disease both in the United States and worldwide. Evidence shows that decay and other oral diseases may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, individuals and many health care professionals remain unaware of th...
Increasing public investments in health care services for low-income and special needs children and adolescents in the United States have raised questions about whether these efforts improve their health outcomes. Yet it is difficult to assess the general health status and health care quality for younger populations, especially those at risk of poo...
When policy makers and researchers consider potential solutions to the crisis of uninsurance in the United States, the question of whether health insurance matters to health is often an issue. This question is far more than an academic concern. It is crucial that U.S. health care policy be informed with current and valid evidence on the consequence...
Building on the innovative Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health offers a strategy to address the quality challenges in rural communities. Rural America is a vital, diverse component of the American community, representing nearly 20 % of the population...
Citations
... Por esse motivo, tanto as pessoas que vivem com demência quanto seus cuidadores, sejam eles familiares ou não, precisam de orientação, educação e apoio para auxiliar nas atividades de vida diária e no planejamento e tomada de decisão, essenciais para permitir uma vida melhor. Além disso, precisam de serviços médicos e sociais que ajudem na organização e prestação de cuidados que garantam que ambas as partes, cuidadores e pessoas com demência, possam desfrutar de uma vida segura, social e engajada, e que nenhuma sofra danos emocionais, físicos ou financeiros 31 . ...
... Long-COVID is defined as a condition where individuals experience at least one symptom that develops during or following infection by COVID-19 and which continues for more than 28 days (Nalbandian et al., 2021). Symptoms range from mild to debilitating, with more severe symptoms being directly correlated with greater severity of the infection phase, as measured by number of symptoms present during infection, admission to an intensive care unit or receiving supplemental oxygen (Boscolo-Rizzo et al., 2021;Nalbandian et al., 2021). ...
... This deliberate inclusion was motivated by the need to gather valuable data about the pediatric population coping with cancer-related scans, as they are considered an especially vulnerable group. 38 During the data extraction process, no articles were found that specifically targeted pediatric patients. As a result, this systematic review brought to light an additional and significant research gap regarding the representation of this demographic group. ...
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... It is not a magical or impossible task to reduce health disparities. 3,4 Expand health insurance coverage. ...
... All minority groups had greater odds than whites of the PCP never/sometimes spending enough time with the child, which has the potential to result in poorer communication, lower patient/parent satisfaction, and possibly lower quality of care. Recently, it has been pointed out that racial/ethnic disparities in health and healthcare can be viewed as deficits in quality of care [16,17], and a comprehensive strategy using a quality-improvement framework and tailored interventions has been shown to reduce disparities [18]. All minority groups, except for APIs, have significantly higher odds than whites of experiencing problems getting specialty care. ...
... To obtain public funding to translate treatments such as gene therapy into usual care, robust 93 studies related to the cost of IRDs and cost effectiveness of genomic testing are urgently 94 needed 17 . An important aspect of this analysis is assessment of QoL using a standardized 95 instrument with an associated algorithm to assess utility for use in cost effectiveness 96 analyses. ...
... Lack of or inadequate health care coverage has been shown to be one of the most impactful SDOH and the largest barriers to access to a health care system contributing to disparities in health care outcomes. 32 Where patients are referred for their congenital HD care also is impacted by insurance acceptance at each center, as well as where the patients are born. Starting with prenatal care and throughout the lifespan, there are inequalities in the referral center's quality as well as who has "the right" insurance to receive congenital HD care, particularly those from minority and lower SES communities. ...
... Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer are distinct, both physically from a disease pathophysiology perspective and psychologically from a developmental perspective [1]. Defined by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as individuals between 15-39 years old, this diverse age group experiences a range of physiological changes and social transitions [1][2][3]. ...
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... Multiple mechanisms have been posited to explain poor health outcomes in low-income population. It is possible that people in lower-income communities have worse health at baseline, receive care at lower quality hospitals, receive differential care within a hospital due to lack of health insurance or poor health literacy, and/or there is a lack of access to care outside of the hospital due to lack of health insurance [25,26]. In this study, the mechanisms for a higher COVID-19 mortality associated with lower-income quartiles compared to the highest are likely multi-factorial. ...
... Studies have emphasized that nursing professionals do have a prominent role in creating awareness about oral health and imparting integrated oral care [6][7][8]. However, poor oral health literacy levels, i.e., lack of knowledge, negative attitudes towards oral healthcare, and inadequate training of nursing professionals, have been identified as the major barriers to quality oral healthcare [9]. ...
