Bill I. Campbell's research while affiliated with University of South Florida and other places

... Specifically, within volleyball, the primary supplements investigated among this population are caffeine, 28 creatine, 29 and β hydroxy β methylbutyrate (HMB). 30 Caffeine, a widely consumed psychoactive substance, 31 has long dominated sports supplement research. 31 Its efficacy in enhancing vertical jump height among soccer, 32 basketball, 33 has been well-established. ...

... (Wolinsky and Driskell, 2004) Ergojenik ajan olarak kreatin kaslarda daha fazla kreatin fosfatın depolanmasını ve anında enerji üretimi için kapasiteyi artırmaya yarar (Kreider et al., 1998). Kreatinin günümüzde vücut geliştirmecilerde en yaygın kullanılan ergojenik yardımcılarda birinci sırada olduğu söylenebilir (Rukstela et al., 2023). Kreatin uzun zamandır bilinen ve oldukça popüler bir supplement olmasına rağmen bu bölümde ele alınmasının sebebi son dönemde ki farklı bakış açılarını kanıtlarıyla ortaya koymaktır. ...

... At low altitude, sex differences, including the influence of sex hormones on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, are associated with distinct body fat distribution and energy substrate utilization patterns in women and men. Women store more lipids and have higher whole-body insulin sensitivity than men, and women tend to oxidize more lipids than men (Sims et al., 2023;Varlamov et al., 2014). Furthermore, women's resting metabolism and energy intake may vary across the menstrual cycle (Benton et al., 2020;Rogan and Black, 2023;Sims et al., 2023;Wohlgemuth et al., 2021). ...

... Isso se deve ao aumento no recrutamento das fibras musculares de contração rápida nesse tipo de atividade, que são especializadas no metabolismo glicolítico, e ao aumento dos níveis de epinefrina no sangue, que eleva a taxa de quebra do glicogênio muscular aumentando a disponibilidade de substrato para a glicólise e a produção de lactato. (Powers & Howley, 2017 (Jagim et al., 2023). ...

... The potentially RMRsparing effects of exercise-based deficits in overweight, obese, and untrained populations should be considered, though these may not carry over to lean, trained populations. Finally, the utility of intermittent periods of increased EB as a means of attenuating decreases in RMR during a longerterm weight loss intervention deserves further research in both overweight and obese [169][170][171] and trained populations [172][173][174]. ...

... This ubiquity has inspired over a century of sports and exercise research focused on quantifying the rate of metabolic energy expenditure (Ṁ) during running (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(20)(21)(22)(23)23,24,(24)(25)(26)26,27,(27)(28)(29)(30)32,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)47,(49)(50)(51)56,58,60,(65)(66)(67)73,74,76,77,79,80). Precise Ṁ estimates are needed to optimize distance running performance (48) and nutritional interventions (33). Furthermore, safety recommendations for operating in extreme environments are contingent on the validity of these estimates, given the potential severity of hot and cold injuries (63,64). ...

... INTRODUCTION also reports that do not confirm this positive influence of NaH-CO 3 [22,23]. This may be due to the large diversity of the organism's individual response to this agent and supplementation protocols [20,24], or related to digestive system problems that can appear in some people [18,25]. Due to lower tolerance, some athletes choose lower doses (~0.2 g · kg −1 BM ) and lengthening the time between NaHCO 3 intake and exercise starting (~180 min), which may also have an ergogenic benefit [16,20,26]. ...

... Moreover, the increase in dietary restraint associated with weight loss in response to physical activity may be influenced by a greater increase in flexible dietary restraint compared to rigid dietary restraint as demonstrated in this study. In contrast, Conlin et al. concluded that both flexible and rigid restraint can be effective for weight loss in response to resistance exercise training [25]. Westenhoefer et al. reported that flexible restraint was associated with greater weight loss and rigid restraint was associated with less weight loss in response to 6 months of a commercial weight loss program [26]. ...

... Coffee and tea are common beverages for contemporary o ce workers. After intense work, such beverages may improve the subjective concentration of the human body, thereby improving work e ciency [11]. Different beverage intake habits affect the body's excitement level, which is closely related to sleep. ...

... But, antibiotics, anthelmintic use, stress, smoking, age, type of birth, pathophysiological conditions, and genetics can also drive microbial composition and function (Diener et al., 2022). Likewise, compelling evidence shows that exercise alters the function and structure of the gut ecosystem (Scheiman et al., 2019;Mohr et al., 2020;Barton et al., 2021;Morita et al., 2023). Endurance exercise has been studied as a significant long-term modifier of the intestinal microbiome composition and function in animal and human studies (Clarke et al., 2014;Barton et al., 2018;Scheiman et al., 2019;Plancade et al., 2019;Mach et al., 2021;Mach et al., 2022). ...