Betül Özdemir’s scientific contributions

There is a serious increase in the number of viral diseases today. Monkeypox virus (M-Pox/MPXV) is defined as a viral infection caused by a virus called Orthopoxvirus in the Poxviridae family. It is frequently found in the tropical rainforests of West and Central Africa. However, it has spread to other countries over time. In this study, the Monkeypox virus, which has recently caused a significant number of deaths, was examined in detail. Based on the literature data, the health problems, symptoms, and treatment approaches caused by the disease were discussed. In addition, natural products that can be effective using traditional treatment methods were compiled. As a result, this study can be a source of treatment approaches for the Monkeypox virus.

Liver is a vital organ of human body performing a variety of functions. In addition, maintenance of antioxidant system is also considered important. Objective: To observe the impact of high volume and high intensity exercise on blood redox state and enzymatic function of the liver. It was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to Jan 2018 at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Methods: An observational study was conducted among twenty (40) voluntarily selected subjects. Measurement of both enzymatic functions of liver and blood redox state of the body were performed through liver functions tests (LFTS) and ferric reducing assay protocol (FRAP assay) by using blood samples collected from the subjects. Results: The collected data were analyzed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25 by using different statistical tools such as Mean, Standard Deviation and T Score. Conclusions: Data analysis disclosed that high intensity exercise signicantly affected the levels of ALT (t = -4.369, p <0.05), ALP (t = -.757, p >.05), AST (t = -2.246, p < .05) and FRAP 38 38 38 (t =4.308, p<0.05).

Objective: Social gathering particularly in public places was strictly banned in Pakistan from April 2019 to May 2021. In last few months, public places such as parks, grounds and gymnasium are opened for general masses as well as for players with SOPs (standart operating procedures) i.e. using of face mask and vaccination of COVID19. As a result, all players got vaccinated for avoiding the problem of COVID-19 and getting chances of participation in their relevant sports activities. This study aimed to examine the Menstrual Problems and Oxidative Stress Caused by Vaccination of COVID-19 among Females Athletes. Method: 10 elite level female athletes were randomly selected as a participants of the study. Thus the participants of the study were vaccinated (COVID-19). 5 milliliter blood sample from each subject before and after one month of vaccination was collected. For the measurement of oxidative stress FRAP assay protocol was used and similarly for the assessment of menstrual problems, a self-made questionnaire was used. Results: The collected data were tabulated and analyzed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, Version-26). Vaccination of COVID- 19, cause oxidative stress among female athletes. Result of posttest data in term of mean and standard deviation was (4.70 ± .674), T-Value was 22.00 and level of Significance was .000). Findings of the study also revealed that menstrual period duration and time also effect by COVID-19 vaccination. Result of posttest data in term of mean and standard deviation was (4.70 ± .674), T-Value was 22.00 and level of Significance was .000). Conclusions: Based on analysis, the researcher arrived at conclusion that vaccination of COVID-19 caused menstrual problems and oxidative stress among female elite athletes. Keywords: COVID-19, menstrual problems, oxidative stress, pakistan, vaccination

Pisolithus arhizus (Scop) Rauschert is a cosmopolitan mushroom in warm temperate regions of the world and forms ectomycorrhizas associations with a wide range of tree species (both angiosperms and gymnosperms). P. arhizus samples were collected from a pine forest in Antalya province (Turkey). Powdered mushroom samples were extracted with ethanol (EtOH) using a Soxhlet apparatus at 50 °C, then concentrated under pressure at 40 °C in a rotary evaporator, and stored at 4 °C in airtight containers. Rel Assay Kits were used to determine the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) of mushroom extracts. The elemental contents of the mushrooms were then determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It was determined that the heavy metal content in P. arhizus were found to be generally at optimal levels and the TOS value of mushroom was exceptional. Heavy metals are toxic, they may have chronic degenerative changes on organs. Vascular effects of heavy metals may contribute to a variety of pathologic conditions. Heavy metals resulting in pathophysiological changes causes atherogenic events like increased oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and coagulation activity. It has been determined that P. arhizus may be an important source of antioxidants.

Natural resources have been the savior of people at every stage of human history. Mushrooms are very valuable food sources, especially in the rainy seasons. They can be grouped as poisonous, edible or inedible, depending on their nutritional status. These groups have positive or negative effects. Some types of mushrooms have different medicinal properties thanks to their bioactive compounds. It is necessary to characterize their toxicological profiles, especially before using mushroom species for human consumption, as toxic substances are identified even in some edible species. Mycetism, known as mushroom poisoning, is an international health problem. There are those that cause deadly poisoning and limited symptoms of poisoning in mushrooms. Poisonous mushrooms are divided into many classes as cytotoxic, neurotoxic, myotoxic, gastroirritan mushrooms according to their types or symptoms they cause. It is known that mushroom poisoning can cause serious toxicity on the liver, kidneys and central nervous system. However, its effect on heart function has not been determined yet. This study focused on poisonous mushrooms and their cardiological effects.