Bertrand Desjardins’s research while affiliated with Université de Montréal and other places


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Publications (76)


Figure 6 Example of a mass burial, Notre-Dame Parish, Québec City, June 13, 1832
Figure 7 Transcription of the first mention in the mass burial, Notre-Dame parish, Québec City, June 13, 1832
Completeness of individual biographies, RPQA & IMPQ microdata, 1621-1824
Completeness of individual biographies, RPQA & IMPQ microdata, 1621-1760 Frequency Distribution No Date of Union Date of Union No date of death Date of death No date of death Date of death TOTAL
Completeness of individual biographies, RPQA & IMPQ microdata, 1825-1849

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PRDH and IMPQ 1800–1849 Quebec Historical Family Reconstitution.: Content, Design and Biographical Completeness
  • Chapter
  • Full-text available

August 2023

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54 Reads

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Marilyn Amorevieta-Gentil

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Bertrand Desjardins
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PRDH and IMPQ 1800–1849 Quebec Historical Family Reconstitution. Content, Design and Biographical Completeness

April 2023

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163 Reads

Historical Life Course Studies

Since 1966, the Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH) has worked to create comprehensive genealogical data of the Quebec population. The PRDH longitudinal database, the Registre de la population du Québec ancien (RPQA), draws upon the French Catholic parish registers of the St. Lawrence Valley as its main source material. This family reconstitution covers the French Catholic population of Quebec up to 1799, along with deaths after 1800 of persons born before 1750. Subsequent partnerships with l’Institut Généalogique Drouin, FamilySearch and Ancestry as well as collaboration on the 2011–2017 Infrastructure intégrée des microdonnées historiques de la population du Québec (1621–1965) (IMPQ) project enabled the PRDH to continue efforts to reconstitute the French Catholic population up to 1849. Despite these advances, pushing family reconstitution forward to the mid-19th century has forced the PRDH team to reckon with the increasingly mixed and geographically mobile Quebec population of the 19th and early 20th centuries. This article describes the content and design of the RPQA database, detailing the structure of the RPQA relational database and the breadth of variables available for data management and analysis. It then describes features of the IMPQ extension of family reconstitution from 1800 to 1849, including observational protocols necessary to use these data and consideration of data completeness after 1800. At the same time, the article addresses the fundamental question, "what is my population?" as part of a broader reflection upon the target population encompassed by these data.


Extreme Longevity in Quebec: Factors and Characteristics

January 2021

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340 Reads

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1 Citation

The recent decrease in adult and late-life mortality led to a very rapid increase in the number of centenarians within low mortality countries. This chapter examines the increase in the number of centenarians in Quebec (Canada) across birth cohorts (1871–1901), and outlines some of the underlying demographic mechanisms involved. We study the demographic situation of centenarians from Quebec (Canada) using all aggregated data available since 1871 (census data, vital statistics, and population estimations). Census data and population estimates are taken from Statistics Canada, while vital statistics come from the Canadian Human Mortality Database (CHMD, 2014 www.bdlc.umontreal.ca ) and the Institut de la statistique du Québec. With demographic indicators such as the centenarian ratio, the survival probabilities and the maximal age at death, we try to demonstrate the remarkable progress realised in old age mortality. We also analyze the determinants of the increase in the number of centenarians in Quebec: increase in the size of birth cohorts, increase in the probabilities of surviving from birth to age 80 and from age 80 to 100 for specific cohorts, change in the number of persons aged 100 and over relative to the number of persons reaching exact age 100 and net change due to migration and other factors (errors). This decomposition shows that, among the factors identified, the improvement in late-life mortality (from age 80 to 100) is the main determinant of the increase of the number of centenarians. This study stresses the importance of monitoring the number as well as the quality of life of this emerging population of centenarians. It also helps us gain greater perspective on what should be expected in the coming years among low mortality countries such as Canada.


The Programme de recherche en démographie historique : past, present and future developments in family reconstitution

January 2017

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190 Reads

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23 Citations

The History of the Family

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Marilyn Amorevieta-Gentil

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Marianne Caron

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[...]

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The Programme de recherche en démographie historique (Historical Demography Research Programme) (PRDH), founded in 1966 and based at the Département de Démographie of the Université de Montréal, has since its inception featured a central project, a family reconstitution database of Quebec’s Catholic population from 1621 to 1799 named the Registre de la population du Québec ancien (Population Register of Historic Quebec) (RPQA). This article, which marks the fiftieth anniversary of the project, explores the development of the RPQA over the five decades in the context of similar international databases, explains the current state of the database as well as our record linkage methodology, describes an important collaboration now underway to build a larger Quebec historical data infrastructure, outlines new and renewed international collaborations, and summarizes research conducted using these data as well as future research possibilities. The particular geographic context, historical development and manageable colonial population size of Quebec favoured family reconstitution of the whole colony from the beginning of the project. Today, the RPQA comprises 438,193 individual biographies and 74,000 family files encompassing up to nine generations. To reconstitute families, we must identify and incorporate into the database all demographic events, including those whose existence can only be inferred through other sources. Future efforts to link nineteenth-century parish acts will need to deal with large case counts, mixed Catholic–Protestant marriages, and increased geographic and social mobility. The integration of complementary data will provide information on household co-residence, occupations, help track the destinies of mixed-religion persons and persons outside nuclear families and provide additional points of observation.



Adult mortality in preindustrial Quebec

January 2012

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112 Reads

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4 Citations

Canadian Studies in Population

This paper presents the main results of a detailed study on adult mortality in French Canadians born before 1750 and having married in the colony of New France. Using data from parish registers, mortality is studied using abridged life tables, with staggered entries according to age at first marriage. Survival tables and log-Rank tests are used to support the results. Three features were selected for the study of differential mortality: gender, type of residence area (urban or rural), and cohort. The mortality of French Canadians is compared to that of their French contemporaries.


The Most Frequent Adult Length of Life in the Eighteenth Century: The Experience of the French-Canadians

January 2012

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7 Reads

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1 Citation

Population (English Edition 2002-)

English Over the last ten years, the modal age at death has become a focus of research on human longevity, notably because it provides information about the most frequent adult age at death without being influenced by mortality conditions at early ages. Little is known about levels and trends in adult modal age at death in historical populations. The RPQA is a historical data source recognized for its reliability which sheds new light on adult longevity in the eighteenth century. The data used, detailed by sex and year of age, cover the period 1740-1799. To estimate modal age at death, this study uses an innovative nonparametric P-spline smoothing method known to be flexible and highly effective. The analysis reveals that the most frequent age at death of adult French-Canadians increased over the period, rising from around 73 years to almost 76 among women, and from around 71 years to more than 74 for men. The specific living conditions of the French-Canadian population at that time may explain this substantial rise. Keywords • modal age at death • longevity • mortality • French-Canadians • Registre de la population du Québec ancien • P-spline smoothing • historical demography • eighteenth century


La durée de vie la plus commune des adultes au XVIII e siècle : l'expérience des Canadiens-français

January 2012

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10 Reads

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6 Citations

Population

The Most Frequent Adult Length of Life in the Eighteenth Century: The Experience of the French-Canadians Over the last ten years, the modal age at death has become a focus of research on human longevity, notably because it provides information about the most frequent adult age at death without being influenced by mortality conditions at early ages. Little is known about levels and trends in adult modal age at death in historical populations. The Registre de la population du Québec ancien is a historical data source recognized for its reliability which sheds new light on adult longevity in the eighteenth century. The data used, detailed by sex and year of age, cover the period 1740-1799. To estimate modal age at death, this study uses an innovative non-parametric P-splines smoothing method known to be flexible and highly effective. The analysis reveals that the most frequent age at death of adult French-Canadians increased over the period, rising from around 73 years to almost 76 among women, and from around 71 years to more than 74 for men. The specific living conditions of the French-Canadian population at that time may explain this substantial rise.


The Most Frequent Adult Length of Life in the Eighteenth Century: The Experience of the French-Canadians

January 2012

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24 Reads

Population (English Edition 2002-)

Over the last ten years, the modal age at death has become a focus of research on human longevity, notably because it provides information about the most frequent adult age at death without being influenced by mortality conditions at early ages. Little is known about levels and trends in adult modal age at death in historical populations. The Registre de la population du Québec ancien is a historical data source recognized for its reliability which sheds new light on adult longevity in the eighteenth century. The data used, detailed by sex and year of age, cover the period 1740-1799. To estimate modal age at death, this study uses an innovative non-parametric P-splines smoothing method known to be flexible and highly effective. The analysis reveals that the most frequent age at death of adult French-Canadians increased over the period, rising from around 73 years to almost 76 among women, and from around 71 years to more than 74 for men. The specific living conditions of the French-Canadian population at that time may explain this substantial rise.


figure 1
Conditions de vie durant l’enfance et longévité: évaluation d’une base de données créée à partir du recensement canadien de 1901 et de l’état civil québécois

June 2010

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54 Reads

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3 Citations

Cahiers québécois de démographie

Plusieurs études montrent que les conditions de vie vécues dans l’enfance peuvent avoir un effet à long terme sur la santé et la mortalité. Cette niche n’ayant pas été explorée pour la population canadienne, nous avons mis sur pied un projet visant le jumelage du recensement canadien de 1901 et des actes de décès de l’état civil québécois dans le but d’établir l’âge au décès d’enfants pour lesquels il existait des informations socio-économiques. Le but de la présente contribution est de tester la validité des données collectées en les comparant avec des tables de mortalité calculées à l’aide des données issues de la Base de données sur la longévité canadienne (Université de Montréal), et d’examiner des sources de biais potentiels. Parmi les biais potentiels, nous avons évalué la possibilité d’un effet de sélection dans l’échantillon à l’aide d’une régression logistique dans laquelle nous avons introduit plusieurs variables explicatives de la mortalité aux grands âges. Le but recherché étant de savoir si ces variables ont à leur tour un impact sur le fait de trouver ou non un acte de décès.


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Citations (52)


... Because Study 1B revealed distinct representations of the warmth and dominance of Anglo-and Franco-Canadians' mental representations of the two groups, we again asked outside (i.e., non-Canadian) raters to evaluate the targets on these two traits here. We also asked a group of participants to rate the targets' distinctiveness, as Franco-Canadians comprise a population descended from a smaller set of ancestors than Anglo-Canadians (Brais et al., 2007;CBC News, 2017), potentially leading them to appear more homogeneous and, thus, distinct. We then tested whether ratings of these three traits differed by targets' linguistic group membership and whether these ratings correlated with perceivers' categorization, memory, or ratings of how Canadian the targets looked. ...

Reference:

When words become borders: Ingroup favoritism in perceptions and mental representations of Anglo-Canadian and Franco-Canadian faces
The genetics of French Canadians
  • Citing Article
  • October 2007

... Le nom patronymique ainsi transmis était désigné comme étant le « nom de famille », d'autant plus que la tradition voulait que les femmes prennent le nom de leur époux. Au Québec, l'inscription des actes de l'état civil sur un double registre par les ministres du culte depuis presque les débuts de la Nouvelle-France jusqu'en 1994 a probablement favorisé la stabilité des noms de famille et la très grande fréquence de certains de ces noms, dont les porteurs retracent la chaîne de leurs ascendants jusqu'au même ancêtre fondateur, particulièrement dans certaines régions de forte concentration patronymique (Bouchard, Desjardins-Ouellette, Markowski et Kouladjian, 1985 ;Desjardins, Bideau, Brunet, Charbonneau et Légaré, 2001 ;Duchesne, 2006 ;Garneau 1985). La reconnaissance par le droit québécois jusqu'en 1951 de l'autorité de l'usage du nom (qui peut ne pas reprendre le nom inscrit sur l'acte de naissance, voir Roch, 1949, p. 172 ;Deleury et Goubau, 1997, p. 226), associée à la décentralisation de l'état civil, a toutefois facilité aussi des changements informels de nom (Mellet, 2000, p. 14). ...

Chapitre 4. De France en Nouvelle-France : les patronymes québécois hier et aujourd’hui
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 2001

... It is a shorthand term for a number of different actuarial constructs, the two most common of which are life expectancy, which is an empirical concept referring to the average age of death in a cohort, and life span (or maximum life span), which is a theoretical concept referring to the highest age attainable by any member of a population [5]. The rate of decline in mortality at advanced ages has not slowed in recent years, so this phenomenon can be expected to grow in scale over the coming century, with new records being set in terms of survival into extreme old age [6]. The swelling of the population of people aged 100 years and above has provided researchers with an opportunity to offer responses to one of the most fundamental questions about human health and longevity. ...

Extreme Longevity in Quebec: Factors and Characteristics

... In mortality studies, the adult modal age at death (M) appears to be a relevant indicator for studying longevity. Defined as the age at which the maximum number of adult deaths occurs in a synthetic cohort of individuals experiencing similar mortality conditions, this indicator is less sensitive to improvements in mortality conditions in children and young adults compared to life expectancy at birth, which is highly sensitive to premature mortality (Canudas-Romo, 2008Horiuchi et al., 2013;Ouellette et al., 2012). In low-mortality countries characterized by aging populations, many studies have been devoted to the analysis of this indicator and the dynamic of its evolution over time and space (Canudas-Romo, 2008Cheung et al., 2005;Kannisto, 2000Kannisto, , 2001bKannisto, , 2007Missov et al., 2015;Ouellette, 2011;Ouellette et al., 2013;Ouellette & Bourbeau, 2011;Thatcher et al., 2010). ...

The Most Frequent Adult Length of Life in the Eighteenth Century: The Experience of the French-Canadians
  • Citing Article
  • January 2012

Population (English Edition 2002-)

... Researchers continued to pay attention to demographic interactions, such as the effect of reproductive behaviour on infant mortality (Charbonneau, 1985;nault, Desjardins, & Légaré, 1990). During the 1980s, research on more specialized topics proliferated, covering topics such as illegitimate births (Paquette & Bates, 1986), prenuptial conceptions (Bates, 1986), children in single-parent families (Denis, Desjardins, Légaré, & Marcil-Gratton, 1994;Légaré & Desjardins, 1991), the elderly (Gauvreau, 1985), longevity Desjardins, 1985b; and urban demography (Gadoury, Landry, & Charbonneau, 1985;Gauvreau, 1991). other publications addressed the life cycle, the life course and kinship (Guillemette & Légaré, 1989;Lapierre-Adamcyk, Landry, Légaré, Morissette, & Péron, 1984;Molloy, 1990). ...

Les enfants de la monoparentalité, hier et aujourd’hui

Cahiers québécois de démographie

... the impact on lifetime reproductive success in wild populations is challenging due to the need for comprehensive longitudinal data on reproduction throughout the entire lifespan [44]. One of the largest databases on preindustrial humans comes from the Registre de la population du Québec Ancien (RPQA) [45]. This dataset covers about the first two centuries of settlement in Nouvelle-France (current Province of Québec, Canada), and includes almost half a million individuals with reconstructed life history over nine generations [45], making it an excellent resource for studying environmental effects on fitness. ...

The Programme de recherche en démographie historique : past, present and future developments in family reconstitution
  • Citing Article
  • January 2017

The History of the Family

... These records were never used as such by the authorities to produce statistics of ages at death for example, with the exception of records for the city of Quebec used as a historical sample in the 1871 census of Canada (Census, 1871). But through the linking of the baptism and burial certificates of individuals, they have allowed fascinating advances in data quality evaluation and the exact calculation of the mortality of the historical population of Quebec (Charbonneau et Desjardins, 1990;Desjardins, 1999). ...

Vivre cent ans dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent avant 1800
  • Citing Article
  • January 1990

Annales de Démographie Historique

... Le PRDH a apporté sa contribution aux importants ouvrages de référence que sont V Atlas historique du Canada (Charbonneau et Robert, 1987;Charbonneau et Harris, 1987) et celui du Québec (Charbonneau et al, 1996), ainsi qu'à une oeuvre marquant le 350e anniversaire de la fondation de Montréal qu'un de ses membres a par ailleurs lui-même coordonnée (). Parallèlement, la parution régulière d'articles a rendu compte de travaux spécifiques sur un aspect ou l'autre de l'histoire de la population québécoise ; parmi les thèmes les plus récents, mentionnons la monoparentalité (Denis et al, 1994), la mortalité épidémique (Desjardins, 1996), la reproduction (Bideau et al, 1995), les réfugiés acadiens (Dickinson, 1994), etc. Les divers phénomènes dont le RPQA assure l'observation pour le Québec -nuptialité, fécondité, mortalité, migration -sont aussi ceux qui interviennent dans le développement de toute population. Le Québec peut alors servir en quelque sorte de « population-laboratoire », utile à l'étude de maints aspects du développement de tout groupe humain, intéressant la biologie humaine et la génétique de population par exemple. ...

La reproduction de la population aux XVIIe, XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Exemples français et québécois

Annales de Démographie Historique

... The dataset covers the complete population over the whole territory on which the colony was established at the time, mitigating selection bias and other problems of observation exits through emigration. The population was naturally fertile and experienced exponential population growth after the final migration wave in 1671 due to settler births (Charbonneau, Desjardins, and Légaré 2000). An updated report on the PRDH was published in 2018 6 by Dillon and colleagues (Dillon et al. 2018). ...

The population of the St-Lawrence Valley, 1608-1760
  • Citing Article
  • January 2000