Bernd W. Wirtz's research while affiliated with Deutsche Universität für Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer and other places

... Dies erfordert von Verwaltungen ein Umdenken hin auf die Lösungsebene und die Frage, wie eine solche Zusammenarbeit dennoch ermöglicht werden kann. Auch neue Geschäftsmodelle in der öffentlichen Verwaltung könnten hier eine Rolle spielen (Wirtz et al., 2021). Eine Bereitschaft zur Öffnung, zur Kommunikation mit und dem Verständnis für andere Denk-und Arbeitsweisen ist aufseiten der Verwaltung ebenso vonnöten wie auf der der Wissenschaft, der Wirtschaft oder der Zivilgesellschaft. ...

... It offers a framework to analyse the continuous need of actors to adapt to actions by others and to the overall emergent changes in the system. Evolution has been conceptualized as metatheory of change (Schneider, 2012), of emergent design without a central designer. In contrast, co-evolution allows the exploration of the scope for agency ('design') and how it is contingent on actions by others ('being designed'). ...

... This period of disruption is characterized by the fusion of digital technologies, physical systems, and the integration of various industries, leading to significant transformations across sectors. The industrial revolution 4.0 builds upon the foundations of previous industrial revolutions but distinguishes itself through the convergence of technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and automation [1], [2] . These technologies have the potential to revolutionize industries, economies, and societies on a global scale. ...

... In this paper, we build upon established definitions and key characteristics of OGD to define it as any structured raw data generated and published by governments, public bodies, non-profit organizations, and other public entities at all levels. Such data are made available to the public to freely access, reuse, and redistribute without copyright restrictions Koesten et al., 2017;Saxena, 2018;Wirtz et al., 2022). Given the concepts of structured data and OGD, in this study, we define HDI within the context of OGD as an area of research that investigates how humans interact with both raw data and structured data, focusing on the relationships between humans and data, including users' tasks that motivate their data use, and the behaviors of how users find, evaluate, scrutinize, acquire, make sense of, and use data. ...

... Digitalization and the innovation that it drives are changing organizations, institutions, and society in general . Centering attention on organizations, digitalization is provoking disruptive changes within firms and their immediate business environment, accelerating the obsolescence of the current business model (Wirtz et al. 2022). Digital technologies play a central role in the creation and the reinforcement of disruptions that take place in society and the levels of industry (Aström et al. 2022). ...

... Research on BMI has proliferated, but much of this work has focussed on definitions and typologies, rather than on determinants or outcomes (Remane et al., 2017;Wirtz et al., 2022), mainly originating from the fields of strategy, entrepreneurship and innovation (Schneckenberg et al., 2022), but also from operations management which adopts a greater focus on supply and value chains (von Delft and Zhao, 2021). However, in practice, only limited variations of business models exist and the success and effectiveness of BMI are a direct consequence of complementary and simultaneous innovations in product, processes, marketing and organisation, which in combination provide competitive advantage and superior performance, rather than the BMI in isolation (Tavassoli and Bengtsson, 2018). ...

... However, what is critical to be borne in mind is that the quality of the datasets should be par excellence, i.e. datasets should be complete, error-free, supported with metadata (information pertaining to the authorship, date of updation, source, etc.), timely, accurate, etc. For an overview of OGD, the reader is recommended to peruse previous works (Attard et al., 2015;Wirtz and Birkmeyer, 2015;Wirtz, Becker and Langer, 2022). ...

... According to Jonek-Kowalska and Wolniak [13], the concept of a smart city has been present in the literature since the 1980s and aligned with the development of information technologies. In studies on smart cities, two dominant approaches have been distinguished: a holistic human approach and a techno-centric approach [14]. In recent years, the latter approach has been dominant in European policy agendas [15]. ...

... As a result, this analysis is also important to evaluate whether the maturity-level of the current IT system is even capable of deploying a corresponding RM framework for AI (Mäntymäki et al., 2022;Quest et al., 2022). If it is determined that the existing IT solutions are not sufficient to implement an adequate RM framework successfully, it is necessary to define the requirements at this point (Wirtz, Weyerer and Kehl, 2022). After inspection of the suitability of the company's IT is clarified, it is recommendable to screen existing published frameworks in advance and examine them for their eligibility for use in the company (Butcher and Beridze, 2019). ...

... Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives are the prominent e-government innovations which entail the provision of structural and functional datasets pertaining to the government via dedicated web portals [1]. OGD initiatives are spearheaded by the governments with the anticipation that there shall result increased transparency of its operations and functioning, further citizen participation in governance, bolster citizen trust in the government and further public accountability [2] [3]. ...