Bernard Bru’s scientific contributions

... The problem was to study the probability that the order of cards in a deck changes from one to another after shuffling. In the 1920s, French and French-speaking mathematicians, such as Jacques Hadamard, Bohuslav Hostinský, and Maurice Fréchet, studied Poincaré's shuffling problem and developed, in effect, the French version of the theory of chains (Bru, 2003;see also von Plato, 1994, p. 133;Link, 2006, p. 572). 17 By 1930, the French had learned about Markov's original work and the Russian work on stochastic processes, and in the 1930s in Paris, the Institut Henri Poincaré became an international center of research on the theory of Markov chains (Mazliak, 2007). ...

Reference:

The origins of the stochastic theory of population genetics: The Wright-Fisher model