Benjamin Russell’s research while affiliated with Mayo Clinic - Scottsdale and other places

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Publications (3)

Figure 1. Experimental setup for gastric balloon and temperature sensor placement (A) CT scan images showing coronal cuts (upper panel) in the plane of the pancreas (inset in center) with temperature sensor (red circle) in the head-neck region. The lower panel shows a sagittal CT image in the midline. Table: This mentions important pig and balloon parameters. (B) Image of the balloon showing the inflow and outflow tubing within it, and the bumper at the entry. (C) Image of assembled balloon, tubing, tip and thread before disinfection for placement. (D and E) Images, and dimensions of the anterior surface of the stomach at necropsy. Black oval shows point of catheter entry. (F) Image of inflow and outflow tubes from the gastric balloon exiting the abdomen of a Yorkshire pig. (G) Endoscopic image of the balloon in the stomach after placement, and before filling with water. (H and I) Laparoscopic images of temperature sensor placement adjacent to the head of the pancreas (H), and tail of the pancreas (I). (J and K) Cross sectional abdominal CT scan images at the level of the pancreas showing the temperature sensor (red circle) near the head (J) and tail (K). (L) CT image showing the temperature sensor on the urinary bladder.
Figure 2. Gastric balloon tolerance studies done over 40 days, including 30 days of balloon perfusion in the cooling group (A) Time course showing temperature readings of the pancreatic head (red line) and tail (blue line) sensors from a pig with a tap-water perfused gastric balloon. Perfusion was started on day 9 (vertical line). Note the lowering of pancreatic temperatures after starting perfusion. (B) Time course of mean pancreatic temperatures GSEM from 6 to 7 pigs with a static balloon (purple) or a perfused cooling balloon (green). (C-E) Bar graphs (mean G SD) comparing temperatures at baseline (before) and during the 1 month cooling (after). Individual values (dots) represent the 1-month average for a pig, with green being for the cooling, and purple being for the static balloon pigs. (C) Mean pancreatic temperatures. (D) head and tail temperatures, and (E) bladder temperatures. (F-H) Representative H&E stained 40 x images of pancreas histological sections from the control (F), static (G) and cooling (H) groups of pigs. The dashed ovals show an islet. (I) Low power (4x) H&E-stained image of the gastric mucosa of a pig with the cooling balloon at a site distal to the stoma. Note the normal gastric mucosa. Gastric pits palisade along the apical aspect of the section (red arrows), with the lamina propria below the pits (black asterisks), lamina muscularis is not pictured, but would be at the base of the section; Bar = 500 microns. (J-L) Bar graphs (mean G SD) with individual pig values (dots) at the end of the study period comparing serum amylase, blood hematocrit and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in controls (blue), static and cooling groups by ANOVA. NS; not significant.
Figure 3. Sedated cooling setup, comparison of pancreatic head, tail, bladder temperatures, and effects of cessation of cooling (A) Schematic for sedated cooling, showing the chiller and pump bringing in water to the gastric cooling balloon via the inflow tubing, while the outflow tubing returns water to the chiller for cooling. The flow rates were 375 mL/min, and water in the gastric balloon varied from 300 to 1100 mL during various studies. (B) Image of the inflow and outflow tube exiting the left upper abdomen of a Yucatan pig. The pig is covered by a Bair Hugger blanket (white), and the pump is seen in the front. (C) Time course of changes in pancreatic head (orange), tail (purple) and urinary bladder temperatures (black line on top) after starting cooling (chiller temperatures at the bottom). Individual points are average, and error bars show SEM. Cooling was stopped at 7 h. Note the similar reduction in head and tail temperatures with cooling, that promptly normalize after cessation of cooling.
Figure 4. Efficacy of sedated cooling, and its effect on common blood parameters (A) Graph showing relationship (as mean G SEM) of mean pancreatic temperatures in pigs (upper part) and corresponding chiller water temperatures (lower part). The black lines show the effects of using chiller water temperatures %16 C with a goal to achieve pancreatic temperatures <26 C, that target severe AP (lower dashed red line). The green lines show the effects of chiller water temperatures of 16 C-20 C that target pancreatic temperatures of z31 C for treating mild pancreatitis (upper dashed red line). The blue line shows pancreatic temperatures of pigs undergoing sedation only. (B-J) Biochemical serum (B-G) and hematological (H-J) parameters (mentioned on y axis) at the end of the study period in pigs with sedation alone (blue) vs. those with pancreatic cooling and sedation (black). There were no significant (ns) differences between the groups on a Mann-Whitney test.
Table comparing the three models of pancreatitis that previously studied local pancreatic hypothermia
A Safe Method for Rapid Therapeutic Pancreatic cooling
  • Article
  • Full-text available

August 2024

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20 Reads

iScience

Megan Summers

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Benjamin Russell

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Prasad Rajalingamgari

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[...]

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Acute pancreatitis (AP) has no targeted therapy. Previously, pancreatic cooling to 31°C–33°C and 24°C–27°C, respectively, ameliorated mild and severe AP in rats. Here, Yucatan pigs (40–50Kg) whose abdominal size and anatomy are like humans underwent pancreatic cooling. This was via a gastric cooling balloon placed endoscopically with catheters exteriorized on the abdominal wall. Laparoscopically placed wireless transmitters monitored pancreas tail, head, and urinary bladder temperatures. Controls included un-perfused water filled balloons, and sedation-only groups. Tap water perfusion (375 mL/min) over 1-month was well tolerated without sedation. Perfusion with ≤19°C water achieved pancreatic temperatures ≤32°C and perfusion at ≤10°C achieved ≤26°C in <90 min in sedated supine pigs, which normalized an hour after balloon evacuation. Bladder temperatures, behavioral, biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were similar between groups. Therefore, rapid transgastric pancreatic cooling can be achieved safely in large animals with relevant anatomy like humans, warranting future clinical studies.

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