Benjamin M. Arbaugh’s research while affiliated with University of California, Davis and other places

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Publications (2)


Figure 3. SEMs of spray-dried K. variicola-loaded powders in (A,E,I) CLAM, (B,F,J) TCLAM 5:1, (C,G,K) TCLAM 40:1, and (D,H,L) Tre. Formulation details are given in Table 1. Additional SEMs are in the Supporting Information.
Figure 4. (A) Viability of K. variicola in the CLAM stored in the refrigerator (3−4 °C, 75−95% RH) and on the benchtop (21−25 °C, 50−70% RH) for up to 6 weeks. Samples for both conditions had the same initial viable cell loadings of 2.85 × 10 10 CFU/g. (B) Viability of K. variicola in the CLAM with varying formulations (Table 1) stored on the benchtop for up to 5 months. The impact of including oxygen and moisture scavenging 'RP pack' was examined with the CLAM + RP condition. Plots of cell viability in CFU/g are included in the Supporting Information. Each data point represents an average of triplicate spray dried batches. Error bars represent standard error of replicates. Lines are drawn to guide the eye. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences between treatments (α = 0.05).
Spray-Dry Feed Formulations Used to Microencapsulate K. variicola in This Study
A Strategy for Stable, On-Seed Application of a Nitrogen-Fixing Microbial Inoculant by Microencapsulation in Spray-Dried Cross-linked Alginates
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August 2022

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49 Reads

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9 Citations

ACS Agricultural Science & Technology

Benjamin M. Arbaugh

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Farzaneh Rezaei

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Microbial inoculants are environmentally sustainable alternatives to petrochemical-derived herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers in agriculture. We demonstrated the potential to develop a commercializable Klebsiella variicola product with storage and on-seed stability by encapsulating in cross-linked alginate matrix (CLAM) powder by spray drying. The cross-linked alginate microencapsulation by spray drying ( CLAM process'), an industrially scalable one-step strategy, produced a K. variicola-loaded CLAM with up to ∼1 × 1010 CFU/g powder. The K. variicola-loaded CLAM maintained high viability during encapsulation, slurrying, and adhesion onto seed surfaces (∼7 × 105 CFU/seed) and during ambient storage on corn seeds. K. variicola in CLAM powder maintained long-term (>5 months) viability in controlled environments, such as refrigerated, or oxygen and moisture-free environments. Trehalose with maltodextrin when added to the CLAM successfully extended stability in powder under ambient conditions, while maltodextrin alone had limited impact. Encapsulation in the CLAM maintained K. variicola viability on bare corn seeds with storage stability beyond 3 months.

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How alginate properties influence in situ internal gelation in crosslinked alginate microcapsules (CLAMs) formed by spray drying

February 2021

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309 Reads

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26 Citations

Alginates gel rapidly under ambient conditions and have widely documented potential to form protective matrices for sensitive bioactive cargo. Most commonly, alginate gelation occurs via calcium mediated electrostatic crosslinks between the linear polyuronic acid polymers. A recent breakthrough to form crosslinked alginate microcapsules (CLAMs) by in situ gelation during spray drying (“CLAMs process”) has demonstrated applications in protection and controlled delivery of bioactives in food, cosmetics, and agriculture. The extent of crosslinking of alginates in CLAMs impacts the effectiveness of its barrier properties. For example, higher crosslinking extents can improve oxidative stability and limit diffusion of the encapsulated cargo. Crosslinking in CLAMs can be controlled by varying the calcium to alginate ratio; however, the choice of alginates used in the process also influences the ultimate extent of crosslinking. To understand how to select alginates to target crosslinking in CLAMs, we examined the roles of alginate molecular properties. A surprise finding was the formation of alginic acid gelling in the CLAMs that is a consequence of simultaneous and rapid pH reduction and moisture removal that occurs during spray drying. Thus, spray dried CLAMs gelation is due to calcium crosslinking and alginic acid formation, and unlike external gelation methods, is insensitive to the molecular composition of the alginates. The ‘extent of gelation’ of spray dried CLAMs is influenced by the molecular weights of the alginates at saturating calcium concentrations. Alginate viscosity correlates with molecular weight; thus, viscosity is a convenient criterion for selecting commercial alginates to target gelation extent in CLAMs.

Citations (2)


... Physical treatments are challenging to implement as there is a delicate balance between effectively eradicating seed-transmitted diseases and causing harm to the seeds [14,17]. Not all seed batches react the same way to all treatments, making it difficult to predict how physical treatments will affect seed germination and vigor [5,7,8,16,18]. Chemical treatments that do not have phytotoxic effects on seeds are available, but methods for complete internal penetration have not been identified [14,17]. ...

Reference:

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Vacuum Corn Seed Degassing System
A Strategy for Stable, On-Seed Application of a Nitrogen-Fixing Microbial Inoculant by Microencapsulation in Spray-Dried Cross-linked Alginates

ACS Agricultural Science & Technology

... Currently, SA featuring robust hydrophilic properties, the tendency to gel, the capability for polymerization, and a heightened level of chemical reactivity can be prepared into a variety of gel composites with a large space for modi cation as bio-based adsorbents, and applied to the effective treatment of various industrial wastewater and e cient recovery of rare earths. SA can react with multivalent metals by cross-linking polymerization to form water-insoluble polymer gel spheres commonly referred to as "egg carton model" [21,22], which can be an optimal framework for subsequently crafting a diverse array of granular adsorbent materials that exhibit superior performance. In recent years, magnetic composites have been widely developed as promising adsorbents due to their rapid separability from the aqueous environment, chemical stability and biocompatibility [23,24]. ...

How alginate properties influence in situ internal gelation in crosslinked alginate microcapsules (CLAMs) formed by spray drying