Bei Shao’s research while affiliated with First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and other places

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Publications (73)


Nomogram for the possibility of early LDVT in AIS patients receiving thrombolytic therapy. In sex, 1 represents man, and 0 represents woman. In the history of HBP and AF, 1 represents yes, and 0 represents no. The corresponding score for each indicator is vertically down, and the sum can be obtained on the total points scale for each patient. Finally, the possibility of LDVT is the risk of “LDVT” vertically corresponding to “Total Points.” AF, atrial fibrillation; AIS, acute ischemic stroke; IB, indirect bilirubin; HBP, hypertension; HCY, homocysteine; LDVT, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.
The ROC curves of the nomogram for estimation of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LDVT) among the training cohort (A) and validation cohort (B). (A) The AUC value is 0.833 (CI: 0.774-0.892). (B) The AUC value is 0.907 (CI: 0.801-1.000). AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; ROC, receiver operating characteristics curves.
The calibration plots for training cohort (A) and validation cohort (B). (A) Mean absolute error = 0.021 (training cohort); (B) Mean absolute error = 0.020 (validation cohort), indicating that in an individual, the agreement between the predicted outcome and the true probability is not bad.
Baseline Characteristics of AIS Thrombolysis Patients in the Training Cohort and Validation Cohort.
Univariate and Multivariate Analysis of the Baseline Characteristics in the Training Cohort.
Nomogram Prediction for Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Receiving Thrombolytic Therapy
  • Article
  • Full-text available

May 2023

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26 Reads

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1 Citation

Yuyan Wang

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Miaokai Cao

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Xuan Liu

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[...]

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Bei Shao

This study developed and evaluated a tailored nomogram to predict the potential occurrence of early lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LDVT) in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy. We performed several logistic analyses on the training cohort and created a corresponding nomogram to forecast early LDVT. The classification accuracy and the accuracy of predicted probabilities of the multiple logistic regression model were evaluated using area under the curve (AUC) and the calibration graph method. According to the multivariate logistic regression model homocysteine, previous history of hypertension and atrial fibrillation, indirect bilirubin, age, and sex was identified as independent determinants of early LDVT. The nomogram was constructed using these variables. The calibration plots showed a good agreement between the predicted and observed LDVT possibilities in the training and validation cohorts with AUCs being 0.833 (95% CI: 0.774-0.892) and 0.907 (95% CI: 0.801-1.000), respectively. Our nomogram offers clinicians a tool for predicting the individual risk of LDVT in the early stage of acute ischemic stroke in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy, which could lead to early intervention.

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BCR test in a 59-year-old male patient with PD. The mean BCR latency was 60.4 ms. It can be seen that the BCR latency was prolonged in this patient
EAS-EMG test in a 65-year-old female patient with MSA. EAS-EMG latency was 17.67 ms. EAS-EMG amplitude was 606 μV. In this patient, EAS-EMG latency was significantly prolonged, and satellite potential was observed
ROC curve analysis of each neurophysiological index of BCR and EAS-EMG in the identification of MSA and PD
Value of electrophysiological indicators in differential diagnosis of parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy

March 2023

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29 Reads

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1 Citation

BMC Neurology

Background We evaluated the value of electrophysiological indicators by external anal sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG), sympathetic skin response (SSR), R-R interval variation (RRIV), and Bulbocavernosus Reflex (BCR) in differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods A total of 41 patients with MSA and 32 patients with PD were enrolled. The electrophysiological changes of autonomic dysfunction were assessed with BCR, EAS-EMG, SSR, and RRIV, and the abnormal rate of each indicator was calculated. The diagnostic value of each indicator was analyzed with ROC curve. Results The incidence rate of autonomic dysfunction in MSA group was significantly higher than that in PD group (p < 0.05). The abnormal rates of BCR and EAS-EMG indicators in MSA group were higher than those in PD group (p < 0.05). The abnormal rates of SSR and RRIV indicators in MSA group and PD group were high; however, there was no significant difference between MSA and PD groups (p > 0.05). The sensitivity of BCR combined with EAS-EMG indicators in differential diagnosis of MSA and PD were 92.3% in males and 86.7% in females, respectively, and the specificity was 72.7% in males and 90% in females, respectively. Conclusions Combined analysis of BCR and EAS-EMG has high sensitivity and specificity for differential diagnosis of MSA and PD.


Metformin, Rapamycin, or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pretreatment Attenuate Cognitive Impairment After Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Inhibiting Microglial Phagocytosis

June 2022

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107 Reads

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9 Citations

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD) plaguing the elder population. Despite the enormous prevalence of VCI, the biological basis of this disease has been much less well-studied than that of AD, with no specific therapy currently existing to prevent or treat VCI. As VCI mainly occurs in the elderly, the role of anti-aging drugs including metformin, rapamycin, and nicotinamide mono nucleotide (NMN), and the underlying mechanism remain uncertain. Here, we examined the role of metformin, rapamycin, and NMN in cognitive function, white matter integrity, microglial response, and phagocytosis in a rat model of VCI by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). BCCAO-induced chronic cerebral hypoperfusion could cause spatial working memory deficits and white matter lesions (WMLs), along with increasing microglial activation and phagocytosis compared to sham-operated rats. We found the cognitive impairment was significantly improved in BCCAO rats pretreated with these three drugs for 14 days before BCCAO compared with the vehicle group by the analysis of the Morris water maze and new object recognition tests. Pretreatment of metformin, rapamycin, or NMN also increased myelin basic protein (MBP, a marker for myelin) expression and reduced SMI32 (a marker for demyelinated axons) intensity and SMI32/MBP ratio compared with the vehicle group, suggesting that these drugs could ameliorate BCCAO-induced WMLs. The findings were confirmed by Luxol fast blue (LFB) stain, which is designed for staining myelin/myelinated axons. We further found that pretreatment of metformin, rapamycin, or NMN reduced microglial activation and the number of M1 microglia, but increased the number of M2 microglia compared to the vehicle group. Importantly, the number of MBP⁺/Iba1⁺/CD68⁺ microglia was significantly reduced in the BCCAO rats pretreated with these three drugs compared with the vehicle group, suggesting that these drugs suppress microglial phagocytosis. No significant difference was found between the groups pretreated with metformin, rapamycin, or NMN. Our data suggest that metformin, rapamycin, or NMN could protect or attenuate cognitive impairment and WMLs by modifying microglial polarization and inhibiting phagocytosis. The findings may open a new avenue for VCI treatment.


Figure 2. SIRT1 signaling in the cell. SIRT1 is a well-known NAD+-dependent deacetylase that impacts several molecules to promote health. Abbreviations: STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; NF-κB: NF-kappa B; Bax: bcl-2-associated X protein; FOXOs: forkhead box transcription factors; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; NAD+: oxidized nicotine adenine dinucleotide; NADH: reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide.
Figure 3. Constituents of mTORC and mTOR signaling in the cell. mTORC1 includes mTOR, Raptor, mLST8, PRAS40 and DEPTOR, while mTORC2 contains mTOR, Rictor, mSIN1, Protor-1, mLST8 and DEPTOR. Abbreviations: RHEB: ras homolog enriched in brain; GDP: guanosine diphosphate; GTP: guanosine triphosphate; PRAS40: proline-rich Akt substrate 40 kDa; mLST8: mammalian lethal with Sec13 protein 8; Raptor: the regulatory-associated protein of mTOR; DEPTOR: DEP-domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein; TFEB: transcription factor EB; HIF1 α: hypoxia inducible factor 1α; ATF4: activating transcription factors 4; 4EBP: 4E binding protein; eIF4F: eukaryotic initiation factor 4F; eIF4B: eukaryotic initiation factor 4B; CAD: carbamoylphosphate synthetase; S6K: S6 kinase; SGK1: glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1; MDM2: murine double minute 2; Akt: protein kinase B; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; mSIN1: mammalian stress-activated protein; Protor-1: protein observed with Rictor-1; Rictor: rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR; PKCα: protein kinase Cα.
Figure 4. Illustration of the roles of the AMPK, SIRT1 and mTOR signaling pathways in aging. The blue arrows indicate a positive effect, and the orange arrows indicate a negative effect. Abbreviations: CR: caloric restriction; NF-κB: NF-kappa B. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, K.J. and Q.Z.; writing-original draft preparation, M.Y., H.Z., Y.Z., X.Z. and B.W. and writing-review and editing, B.S., K.J. and Q.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research received no external funding.
Age-related diseases and their currently identified signaling pathways.
Key Signaling Pathways in Aging and Potential Interventions for Healthy Aging

March 2021

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667 Reads

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85 Citations

Cells

Aging is a fundamental biological process accompanied by a general decline in tissue function. Indeed, as the lifespan increases, age-related dysfunction, such as cognitive impairment or dementia, will become a growing public health issue. Aging is also a great risk factor for many age-related diseases. Nowadays, people want not only to live longer but also healthier. Therefore, there is a critical need in understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating aging that will allow us to modify the aging process for healthy aging and alleviate age-related disease. Here, we reviewed the recent breakthroughs in the mechanistic understanding of biological aging, focusing on the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, which are currently considered critical for aging. We also discussed how these proteins and pathways may potentially interact with each other to regulate aging. We further described how the knowledge of these pathways may lead to new interventions for antiaging and against age-related disease.


Figure 1. Experimental design. Process A indicates the middle cerebral artery occlusion (estrogen and PSD group) and sham operation. Process B indicates the chronic mild stress (estrogen and PSD group) and the common feeding service (control group). Process C indicates the estrogen treatment (estrogen group) and oil treatment (PSD and control group). * Time-point, open-field test and sucrose preference index; # Time-point, subventricle zone infusions of K252a and U0126. PSD, post-stroke depression.
Figure 2. Effects of estrogen treatment on BDNF expression in the hippocampus of rats with PSD. (A) Immunolabeling of BDNF in the hippocampal CA1 region. (Aa) BDNF-positive cells in control group. (Ab) BDNF-positive cells in PSD group. (Ac) BDNF-positive cells in E2 group. (B) Quantification of BDNF cells in the hippocampal CA1 region in the control, PSD and E2 groups. (C) Western blot analysis of BDNF and β-actin in the control, PSD and E2 groups. (D) Quantitative analysis of western blot images. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n=6 animals). * P<0.05; ** P<0.01. PSD, post-stroke depression; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; E2, 17β-estradiol; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; OD, optical density.
Figure 3. Effects of estrogen treatment on pCREB/CREB and pTrkB/TrkB expression in the hippocampus of PSD rats. (A) Immunolabeling for pCREB in the hippocampal DG region. (Aa) Control group; (Ab) PSD group; (Ac) E2 group. (B) Immunolabeling for CREB in hippocampus. (C) Western blot analysis detected the expected size protein band of pCREB and CREB. (D) Western blot analysis for pTrkB and TrkB in hippocampus in different groups. (E) Quantification of pCREB cells in the hippocampal DG region. (F) Quantitative analysis of western blot images shown in (C). (G) Quantitative analysis of western blot images presented in (D). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n=6 animals). * P<0.05; ** P<0.01. CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein; PSD, post-stroke depression; DG, dentategyru; p, phosphorylated; E2, 17β-estradiol; TrkB, tyrosine kinase B; OD, optical density.
Figure 4. Effects of estrogen administration on subventricle zone infusions of the TrkB inhibitor K252a. (A) Protein levels after infusions of K252a, aCSF and vehicle (DMSO), respectively. (B) Densitometric analysis of western blots shown in (A). (C) Western blot analysis of BDNF and β-actin in the hippocampus in the K252a, aCSF and vehicle (DMSO) groups. (D) Quantitative analysis for western blotting shown in (C). Values are mean ± SEM (n=6). ** P<0.01. aCSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluid; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; p, phosphorylated.
Estrogen administration attenuates post‑stroke depression by enhancing CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling in the rat hippocampus

February 2021

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73 Reads

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14 Citations

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

A previous study demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2), which is an antidepressant, can ameliorate post-stroke depression (PSD); however, the underlying mechanisms governing this remain largely unknown. Therefore, the present study developed a PSD model in rats, which was induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by exposure to chronic mild stress for 2 weeks. The results revealed that the activity of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a cellular transcription factor, and the associated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) signaling were all attenuated in the hippocampus in PSD rats. The depression-like behaviors were significantly improved after treatment with E2, along with increased CREB and the BDNF/TrkB signaling activity. These results provide novel insight into the molecular basis of PSD, and suggest the potential involvement of CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling in E2-mediated improvement of PSD in rats.


White Matter Hypoperfusion Associated with Leukoaraiosis Predicts Intracranial Hemorrhage after Intravenous Thrombolysis

February 2021

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8 Reads

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5 Citations

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Objectives White matter hyperintensity is common in patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis. Some studies have expressed concern about the increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation and poor prognosis for those patients with pre-existing leukoaraiosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hypoperfusion associated with leukoaraiosis before thrombolysis using CT perfusion and to explore whether chronic white matter hypoperfusion increases risks of intracranial hemorrhage and poor clinical prognosis. Materials and Methods We collected 175 patients underwent intravenous thrombolysis with complete CT perfusion data and follow-up MRI between June 2017 and January 2020. We measured cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, mean transit time and transit time to the peak at both periventricular and subcortical layers in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the stroke. The differences of white matter perfusion were compared between groups with different leukoaraiosis severity. Univariate analysis was used to compare in incidence of hemorrhagic transformation and poor prognosis between the hypoperfusion and normal perfusion groups. Further, we examined association between white matter hypoperfusion and intracranial hemorrhage after thrombolysis using logistic regression. Results The length of periventricular transit time to the peak was independently associated with a higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage after thrombolysis (OR=4.740, 95%CI=1.624–13.837, P=0.004). The best predictive value was 4.012. But there was no significant difference in poor prognosis at 3 months between hypoperfusion (periventricular transit time to the peak≥4.012 s) and normal perfusion (periventricular transit time to the peak<4.012 s) group. Conclusions Image presentations of white matter hypoperfusion reflected the severity of leukoaraiosis. White matter hypoperfusion was independently associated with intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis. However, hypoperfusion would not increase the risk of poor prognosis.


2-BFI attenuates ischemic injury by modulating mTOR signaling and neuroinflammation in rats

February 2021

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6 Reads

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2 Citations

Neuroscience Letters

Ischemic stroke is one of the major diseases that cause mortality and morbidity of human beings, but there is still lack of effective treatment and prevention. We found that 2-(2-Benzofuranyl)-2-Imidazoline (2-BFI) is potently protective against stroke and acute inflammatory immune disease. Moreover, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling contributes effectively to the modulation of post-stroke neuroinflammatory response. However, whether the protection of 2-BFI against ischemic injury is through mTOR-mediated neuroinflammatory response remains unestablished. Here, we used 2-BFI to treat ischemic rats induced by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO). We found that 2-BFI administration after dMCAO improved the neurological deficits and decreased the infarct volume. 2-BFI reduced phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6, increased IL-10 and TGF-β, and decreased IFN-γ levels in ischemic rats. Our results demonstrated that 2-BFI attenuates ischemic injury by inhibiting the activation of mTOR signaling and modulating neuroinflammation after stroke in rats.


Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Potential Predictors of Prognosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke

January 2021

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78 Reads

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79 Citations

Objective: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been emerging as the novel inflammatory biomarkers for determining the prognosis of various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the individual and joint effects of NLR and PLR on functional outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Our study involved 448 eligible patients with first-ever AIS. Clinical and laboratory data were collected on admission within 72 h from stroke onset. Unfavorable functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 at 3 months after AIS. Cox proportional hazard model and spline regression models was used to estimate the effect of NLR and PLR on risk of adverse outcomes after the last patient who completed a 3-months follow-up was enrolled. Results: After adjusting confounders, NLR were significantly associated with the unfavorable functional outcomes (P-trend < 0.001). So were PLR (P-trend < 0.001). NLR was discovered to have higher predictive value than PLR (AUC = 0.776, 95%CI = 0.727–0.825, P < 0.001; AUC = 0.697, 95%CI = 0.641–0.753, P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff values for NLR and PLR was 3.51 and 141.52, respectively. Stratified analysis performed by cox proportional hazard model showed that high level of NLR and PLR (NLR ≥ 3.51, PLR ≥ 141.52) presented the highest risk of unfavorable functional outcomes (adjusted HR, 3.77; 95% CI: 2.38–5.95; P < 0.001). Followed by single high level of NLR (adjusted HR, 2.32; 95% CI: 1.10–4.87; P = 0.027). Single high level of PLR (NLR < 3.51, PLR ≥ 141.52) also showed higher risk than low level of the combination, but it did not reach statistical significance (adjusted HR, 1.42; 95% CI: 0.75–2.70; P = 0.285). No obvious additive [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) not significant] or multiplicative (adjusted HR, 0.71; 95%CI: 0.46–1.09; P = 0.114) interaction was found between the effects of NLR and PLR on the risk of unfavorable functional outcomes. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both NLR and PLR were independent predictors of 3-months functional outcomes of AIS. They may help to identify high-risk patients more forcefully when combined together.


Application of bulbocavernosus reflex combined with anal sphincter electromyography in the diagnosis of MSA and PD

November 2020

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8 Reads

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11 Citations

The International journal of neuroscience

Background Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by abnormal changes in the extrapyramidal system and autonomic nervous system. The two diseases are consistent in some clinical manifestations and few objective indicators for preclinical prediction. Method The value of anal sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG) in the diagnosis of MSA has been recognized by researchers, while the bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) has been found to be of great significance in the diagnosis of PD and MSA. In this study, the diagnostic value of BCR combined with EAS-EMG in patients with MSA and PD was further discussed. Results Forty-three patients with MSA, 120 patients with PD and 40 normal controls were recruited, and the BCR and EAS-EMG were evaluated. The average duration, average amplitude, percentage of polyphasic waves, satellite potential, phase pattern and amplitude of strong contraction were observed. The results showed that the abnormal rate of BCR in the control group was 0%, and the abnormal rate of EAS-EMG was 2.5%; these differences were statistically significant compared with the MSA group (BCR 90.9%, EAS-EMG 93.9%). For patients with PD, there were some significant differences in BCR and EAS-EMG between the control group and the PD group. Conclusion Our study revealed that BCR combined with EAS-EMG detection can provide an objective electrophysiological basis for the diagnosis of MSA and PD, which is beneficial for the early treatment of disease.



Citations (69)


... In addition, metformin has been reported to inhibit the expression and activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB), and increase cellular survival via activation of the pro-survival/anti-apoptotic kinase Akt (Alomar et al., 2021;Kanigur Sultuybek et al., 2019). It has also been demonstrated that treatment with metformin following cerebral hypoperfusion resulted in fewer pro-inflammatory M1 microglia and increased homeostatic M2 microglia (Yu et al., 2022). Using a cortical contusion model, Hill et al., demonstrated that metformin significantly increases AMPK activity and improves spatial memory in CCI mice (Hill et al., 2016). ...

Reference:

The evolving pathophysiology of TBI and the advantages of temporally-guided combination therapies
Metformin, Rapamycin, or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pretreatment Attenuate Cognitive Impairment After Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Inhibiting Microglial Phagocytosis

... É importante ressaltar que cerca de 92% das pessoas idosas possuem pelo menos uma doença relacionada à idade, principalmente HAS e DM, e que elas são reconhecidas como fatores que podem impactar negativamente a capacidade funcional 29,30 . ...

Key Signaling Pathways in Aging and Potential Interventions for Healthy Aging

Cells

... In recent years, research has found that BDNF is also closely associated with the occurrence and development of PSD [34]. It has been found that the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in the hippocampus of PSD rats became less active [35]. Consistent with the results of this study, Qiu et al. [36] reported a negative correlation between BDNF levels and HAMD-17 scores in patients affected by mild stroke. ...

Estrogen administration attenuates post‑stroke depression by enhancing CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling in the rat hippocampus

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

... Specifically, the NLR is found abnormal in inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal conditions, cardiac conditions, thyroiditis and severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus (Covid) 2 infection (4)(5)(6)(7)(8); CRP is increased in diabetes mellitus, thyroiditis, diabetic neuropathy, hepatitis and Covid 2019 (Covid- 19) infection (9)(10)(11)(12)(13); the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio also reflects inflammatory burden in thyroid conditions, gastrointestinal diseases, thyroiditis, cancer, diabetes mellitus, irritable bowel disease and Covid-19 infection (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). During the progression of AIS, the inflammation reflected by the NLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and CRP has a crucial role in promoting ischemic injury, endothelial cell dysregulation and neural death (20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Once these ischemic damages occur, they may cause aggravated neuroinflammation by inducing the release of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines (25,26). ...

2-BFI attenuates ischemic injury by modulating mTOR signaling and neuroinflammation in rats
  • Citing Article
  • February 2021

Neuroscience Letters

... Due to the clinical ubiquity and routine of preoperative testing, researchers have increasingly focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of various auxiliary indices. These objective measures offer the potential for more standardized and reliable prognostic assessment, which is crucial for guiding treatment decisions and setting realistic expectations for patients and their families, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes following EVT [13,14]. ...

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Potential Predictors of Prognosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke

... This study found that elderly patients were strongly associated with the development of LA. This is consistent with the vast majority of current findings and numerous studies have confirmed a parallel relationship between LA onset and age [15][16][17]. In patients, aging triggers altered blood supply and white matter damage in the brain [18][19][20]. ...

White Matter Hypoperfusion Associated with Leukoaraiosis Predicts Intracranial Hemorrhage after Intravenous Thrombolysis
  • Citing Article
  • February 2021

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases

... There is a variety of assessment methods for MUAP recruitment, although only a few authors investigated this electrophysiological parameter in MSA patients. The subjective grading of interference pattern was replaced over time by the calculation of the ratio of simple phase and simple-mix phase or by the measurement of amplitude and phase pattern during maximal voluntary contraction (Qiu et al., 2019;Miao et al., 2020;Niu et al., 2022). Alternatively, the mean number of MUAPs per insertion site, alone or together with other quantitative parameters, represents another objective evaluation of recruitment that was explored in MSA cohorts (Gilad et al., 2001;Todisco et al., 2022). ...

Application of bulbocavernosus reflex combined with anal sphincter electromyography in the diagnosis of MSA and PD
  • Citing Article
  • November 2020

The International journal of neuroscience

... According to previous reports, MAP kinases are the main downstream components of β-arrestin 2 and also participate in the regulation of many biological functions, such as cell migration and proliferation. [45][46][47] Our results showed that ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK were activated by SKF83566 but only p38 MAPK was account for the difference between the WT and β-arrestin 2 KO cells, suggesting the signal transduction from β-arrestin 2 to its downstream targets is also influenced by the type of stimulation. ...

Striatal overexpression of β-arrestin2 counteracts L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned Parkinson's disease rats

Neurochemistry International

... Additional studies support the significance of low IL-33 levels in predicting long-term outcomes in patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke, with one such study noting a closely related adjusted hazard ratio of 0.979 (95% CI, 0.961-0.997, P = 0.025) for recurrent ischemic stroke (31). Moreover, a concentration of IL-33 ≤71.85 ng/L was independently predictive of post-stroke depression, as shown by a multivariate logistic regression analysis (95% CI, 1.129-7.515, ...

Serum interleukin‐33 as a novel marker for long‐term prognosis and recurrence in acute ischemic stroke patients

... Literature data regarding vascular territory involvement in PFO-related stroke vary, with studies focusing either on imaging characteristics helping to differentiate these cases from other causes of stroke (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), or specifically on PFO (18,19). Our data is in accordance with the results of Kim et al. (15) and of Nam et al. (18) in that carotid artery territory, and specifically the MCA, is most commonly affected in PFO-related stroke. ...

Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Lesion Patterns in Stroke Patients With Patent Foramen Ovale and Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Artery Dissection