Bárbara Heliodora Soares do Prado’s research while affiliated with Instituto Florestal and other places

The black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, is an endemic and endangered primate species from the Atlantic Forest of the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil. Its mating system is characterized as monogamous and females give birth to two twin infants during each breeding season. They are known to mainly sleep in tree holes, which is considered as a pertinent strategy for increasing their protection from predators during the night. Artificial cavities, like nest boxes, have been installed for other species in areas where tree cavities are depleted, in order to replace them. In this study, we report (i) the use of nest boxes in the wild by a group of black lion tamarins and (ii) the first record of polygyny for this species.

Estação Ecológica de Angatuba, situada nos municípios de Angatuba e Guareí, Estado de São Paulo, uma Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral administrada pelo Instituto Florestal, foi criada em 1985. O Plano de Manejo da Unidade foi aprovado em 2009 pelo Conselho Estadual do Meio Ambiente (CONSEMA) e já possui recursos financeiros para sua implantação, provenientes de compensação ambiental. A implantação de Trilhas Interpretativas é uma das ações previstas no Programa de Educação Ambiental da Unidade, assim, esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o planejamento de uma Trilha Interpretativa, através do Método IAPI (Indicadores de Atratividade de Pontos Interpretativos). Foram selecionados 30 potenciais pontos de interpretação e somente 13 pontos entraram no roteiro da trilha, sendo dois pontos de descanso. Elaborou-se um esboço do Roteiro de Interpretação Ambiental, com o propósito de esse ser desenvolvido de forma participativa nas oficinas de Educação Ambiental. Foram propostas placas de interpretação para serem colocadas em alguns pontos no percurso da trilha.

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km² (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km² (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co‐occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.

The Black Lion Tamarin (BLT, Leontopithecus chrysopygus) is an endangered species, endemic to the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The conservation of the species depends on the effective management of the populations and forest conservation but also on the updated knowledge of its areas of occurrence. Here, we report the record of a new site of BLT occurrence in the municipality of Guareí and confirm the presence of this species in two municipalities, Taquarivaí and Borebi, which (Borebi) is the first record since the last two decades in the Middle Paranapanema basin. Direct observations of BLT groups occurred after the use of playbacks of BLT vocalizations (Guareí), during the prospection of the area (Taquarivaí) and the monitoring of the fauna (Borebi). These three sites are located close to known BLT populations. The occurrence of BLTs in anthropized landscapes with low forest cover, but with a considerable presence of riparian forests, gives evidence of the ecological resilience of the species and underlines the conservation value of such habitats. We are initiating scientific based projects and environmental education programs to increase the knowledge about the ecology and tolerance of BLTs in human altered landscapes. The confirmation of occurrence areas and new records of BLT populations is the starting point for the conservation success of the species.

The King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa (Linnaeus, 1758) is declining globally and it is listed as threatened with extinction in state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Despite a recent increase in observations of this species, nesting records are scarce in the state. We report a nesting attempt on an observation tower at Estação Ecológica de Angatuba, southwestern state of São Paulo.