Bao Guo Shan’s research while affiliated with State Grid Energy Research Institute and other places

The paper studied the new economic normality, introduced main environmental constraints on Chinese economy. Nine kinds of policies to achieve green development are simulated by SICGE-CEMS model (a kind of energy economy environment hybrid model) respectively to evaluate their economic and environmental effects, which indicates that coal resources tax is the best policy to promote carbon emission reduction , oil & gas resource tax is the best policy for sulfide, nitrogen oxides emission reduction. A mix policy is put forward to achieve green development with less impact on the economy. The results indicate primary energy demand in green development scenario is respectively 52.1, 59 tons coal equivalent in 2020,2030, 1, 12.4 tons coal equivalent lower than the reference scenario, GDP losses are 0.15%, 0.31% relative to the reference scenario.

High cost impedes large-scale deployment of photovoltaics (PV), and the technical innovation is one of most important factors of cost reduction, so how to accelerate the market pull for innovation has practical significance and theoretical value. This paper aims to analyze PV demand pull mechanism based on empirical evidence. According to the features of PV industry and technical innovation theories, make hypotheses of PV market pull and the relationship between diffusion rates and the market pull. Then propose testing method of the market pull and the coefficients assessing diffusion rates, and use historical data of twenty countries to conduct empirical studies. The testing results show that 70% of PV market in the twenty countries pulled technical innovation; at the initial stage of PV diffusion, the market pull was insignificant when the market kept at small scale and the diffusion rate can be indicated by the innovation coefficient; in the acceleration period, the market pull was insignificant when the market grew steeply and the rate can be indicated by the imitating coefficient. So in order to encourage demand pull, policy making is suggested to lead the market growth stable and sustained.