Badrul Munir’s scientific contributions

Indonesia is the country with the largest nickel reserves and production levels in the world. Each ton of nickel production can produce eight tons of by-products in the form of ferronickel slag, which continues to increase due to the minimal recycling process of these by-products. This study aimed to determine the impact of changes in acid concentration and solid/liquid ratio on the leaching extraction of magnesium from ferronickel slag and characterize the transformation of ferronickel slag at each stage of the process. The research was conducted using the alkali fusion method and continued with water leaching and acid leaching using Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) as the solvent. The first step in the investigation was milling to get a powder with the particle size ≤127 µm. The sample powder was subsequently mixed with the Na2CO3 additive in a 50:50 (w/w) ratio and roasted for 60 minutes at 1000 °C. The water leaching procedure was then conducted for 60 minutes at 100 °C, a 1:10 (w/v) ratio, and a stirring speed of 400 rpm. The filtrate and residue were then separated using a filtration process. An acid leaching utilizing HCl with concentration variations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 M, and solid/liquid ratio (s/l) variations of 1:20, 1:30, and 1:40 (w/v) was performed on the residue. The results of acid leaching were then filtrated again. The filtrate was then characterized by ICP-OES testing. Based on the analysis results, it can be stated that the percentage of magnesium extraction increases as the solid/liquid ratio (s/l) increases but decreases with the increase in HCl concentration. The optimum percentage of magnesium extraction is 64.12 %, which was achieved with the leaching conditions of a solid/liquid ratio (s/l) of 1:40 (w/v) and a HCl concentration of 0.5 M

This work reports the development of inline inspection (ILI) methodology to enhance the pigging activity for the dented pipeline, facilitate the pigging process to prevent Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) from getting stuck and improve the safety passage for buckled pipelines. The recent report unveils the condition of the UNPIGGABLE pipelines, which reduce the inner diameter of pipelines to 257.51 mm, equivalent to 27.58 % of the initial diameter and restricts the pigging activity. In this report, the pull-through test coupled with the collapsibility test was conducted. The success of the test above allows the ILI equipment based on the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technique to record the internal and external wall loss inwardly and geometric defect on diameter of the pipelines. The prepared artificial dented pipeline was made before it underwent several tests. Based on the pull-through test, the maximum force of 27000 N is more significant than the pipeline operating pressure to enable the MFL tool to pass through the pipelines despite exhibiting the geometry anomaly. Compressing the opposite magnetic yoke of the collapsibility test is critical, showing that the ILI MFL tool reaches its maximum compression of 242 mm. The value is lower than the minimum internal diameter of 257 mm. The ILI results show that the highest metal loss was achieved at 73 % at 15504 m at the bottom of the inspected pipelines. At the same time, the dented area reduces to more than 6 % of the pipelines’ nominal outer diameter and imposes the pipe’s integrity status to red. The distinctive result of the research can be used to model the future unprecedented pigging process when buckles appear in pipelines

PT. ABC merupakan perusahaan perdagangan olahan minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia, menekankan pentingnya tangki timbun atau storage tank dalam operasional penyaluran bahan bakar. Meskipun vital, storage tank sering menghadapi risiko korosi karena bahan konstruksi utama, seperti baja (Carbon Steel). Korosi ini dapat menyebabkan kegagalan peralatan, yang berpotensi merusak komponen sistem tangki dan bahkan melepaskan produk ke lingkungan. Dalam konteks Indonesia, regulasi pemerintah (Peraturan No. 32 Tahun 2021) menetapkan bahwa setiap tangki penyimpanan minyak atau gas alam di industri minyak dan gas harus menjalani pemeriksaan teknis dan keselamatan. Penelitian ini fokus pada pemeriksaan berbasis risiko dengan menggunakan API 581 Risk Based Inspection. Pendekatan ini merancang program inspeksi berdasarkan tingkat risiko terkait dengan peralatan. Dari hasil perhitungan dan analisis, disimpulkan bahwa storage tank memiliki tingkat risiko sedang (1D) dengan sisa umur terendah pada peralatan selama 15 tahun (180 bulan) dan corrosion rate maksimum sebesar 0,127 mm/tahun. Nilai-nilai ini masih berada dalam batas nilai risiko yang diperbolehkan, mengindikasikan kebutuhan untuk tindakan pencegahan dan pemeliharaan yang tepat guna memastikan keberlanjutan operasional yang aman dan efisien.