BERNARD M. BASS’s research while affiliated with University of Pittsburgh and other places

... However, the gap between the display of selfdirected pre-disposition with higher scores during the actual group engagement activities compared to the previously expressed predisposition supports the notion that when groups form, members test boundaries and introduce themselves and their selves to the group (Tuckman & Jensen, 1977). Dunteman and Bass (1963) show that individuals with a high self-pre-disposition score are more likely to be rejected by others, thus our score indicates that individual actors took care to adhere to the group rather than focus on themselves. The medium level of self-pre-disposition also indicates a lower likelihood of conflicts happening at the beginning of the group interaction (Tuckman, 2001), i.e., individual actors might have thought about trying to limitedly bolster their ego. ...

Reference:

Dynamics of individual actors’ self, social, and task pre-dispositions in multi-actor service ecosystems