B. R. Stewart's research while affiliated with Mississippi State University and other places
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Publications (13)
There is great interest in returning coal combustion products to mining sites for beneficial reuse as liming agents. A column study examined the effects of blending two coal fly ashes with an acid-forming coal refuse (4% pyritic S). Both fly ashes were net alkaline, but had relatively low neutralizing capacities. One ash with moderate alkalinity (C...
This chapter focuses on the stabilization and revegetation of coal refuse piles with an emphasis on Appalachian conditions. It reviews the problems associated with stabilizing and revegetating coal refuse disposal areas, and suggests strategies for their successful long-term reclamation and closure. Although the regulatory framework and site-specif...
Coal waste materials inhibit direct vegetation establishment due to adverse physical and chemical properties, particularly low water retention and high potential acidity. The Moss #1 coal refuse pile is located in Dickenson County, Virginia, and was idled in the late 1980's with little topsoil resource available for final closure. The refuse was ac...
The exclusion of coal fly ash from regulation as a hazardous waste has led to increased interest in returning ash to the coal fields for disposal. Bulk blending alkaline fly ash with acid forming coal refuse may present a disposal option that also aids in the control of acid mine drainage (AMD). A column leaching study was initiated to examine the...
There is considerable interest in the beneficial reuse of coal fly ash as a soil amendment on coal refuse piles. One method of application would be to blend the coal refuse and the fly ash before deposition in a refuse pile. A field experiment was initiated to measure the effects of bulk blending fly ash with coal refuse on water quality and plant...
Coal refuse is difficult to reclaim due to high potential acidity, very coarse texture, low water retention, and fertility. This study was undertaken to determine the physical and chemical properties and the reclamation potential of samples from 27 coal refuse plies of varying age. Selected physical and chemical properties varied widely across this...
The exclusion of coal fly ash from regulation as a hazardous waste has led to increased interest in returning ash to the coalfields for co-disposal with coal refuse. A column study used coal refuse with high potential acidity (4% total-S), and two ashes with varying levels of alkalinity. The ashes were bulk blended at varying ratios (0, 5, 10, 20 a...
Citations
... In December 2001, the existing surface soils were composite sampled from 32 map units across the site in association with soil mapping requirements for remedial treatment (Fig. 9.) These samples were analyzed for pH in a 1:1 soil:water solution using a combination electrode, potential peroxide acidity (PPA) using the H 2 O 2 method of Barnhisel and Harrison (1976), and for total-S using an Elementar Vario Max CNS analyzer. Based on these results, we recommended that the site be variably limed to each sampling cell's requisite calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE) requirement, fertilized appropriately, treated with an organic soil amendment, and seeded to acid-and salt-tolerant grasses and legumes based upon experience with sulfidic coal waste revegetation (Daniels and Stewart, 2000). In April 2002, class B lime-stabilized biosolids (municipal sewage sludge) from Washington D.C. were applied and incorporated across the entire site at varying rates based upon their CCE (Table 1). ...
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... This impact has largely been ignored by industry and researchers. Additional costs incurred due to OSD in order of importance are in the processing and disposal operations (Stewart and Daniels 1995;Stewart et al. 2001). ...
... Wetlands may be combined with neutralising agents. Limestone (Bosman, 1983;Maree and du Plessis, 1994;Evangelou and Zhang, 1995), alkaline fly ash or topsoil (Jackson et al., 1993), can be the neutralising agent; all of these allow the hydrolysis and precipitation of heavy metals. Packed-bed columns with manure, compost, or similar organic materials can also be used (Farmer et al., 1995;Wildeman et al., 1995). ...
... The exploitation of minerals and other geological materials (such as sand and coal) is the primary driver of ecosystem service degradation [1,2]. The post-mining soil usually exhibits disturbed water-air-soil relationships, very low soil microbial biomass, deficiency of available water, variation in texture (from high clay content to dominant coarse fraction), highly acid or alkaline pH, and nutrient deficiency [3][4][5][6]. These features restrict the growth and development of trees in reclaimed mine soils (RMS) [7,8]. ...
... The column construction technique and experimental procedure used for the experiments are modified from Orndorff et al. (2015), Stewart et al. (1997), Parker (2013), and US EPA (2011). Two types of columns were designed: columns under unsaturated (wet-dry) conditions and columns under saturation. ...
... Their study concluded that long-term spatial heterogeneity in physical and geochemical properties might prevent self-developing acid mine drainage. Stewart and Daniels (1992) investigated the physical and chemical properties of coal refuse from 27 coal refuse piles of different ages in Southwest Virginia, USA. Their study focused on texture, water retention, and fertility to determine the reclamation potential of these materials. ...
... The observed increase in TN content was proportional to the proportion of sludge in the substrate. The extent of the increase in TN content, in the assessed substrates based on coal mining waste under the influence of sewage sludge obtained in our study, was similar to that observed when sewage sludge was introduced into devegetated soils [36,63]. Supplementing the composition of the substrates with rockwool waste did not significantly reduce the TN content compared to its content in the substrates with sludge addition only, but the content was still significantly higher than in CS and CW_1. ...
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... Some experience was gained in the country and abroad regarding the effect of fly ash utilization in agriculture & related applications (Swamy et al. 2010). In addition, Fly Ash significantly influences soil physical properties such as water-holding capacity and aggregation (Daniels et al. 2002). ...
... After the CCPW and FCPW structures are completed, they are capped by top-soil or sub-soil that have been removed and stored from within or outside the mine permits area. Alkaline amendments are added as appropriate in the upper portions of graded CCPW before putting the soil cover and vegetating it (Daniels et al. 1999). ...
... The dissolution behaviour of different constituents in a short time frame can be identified by batch leaching tests (de Groot et al., 1989;Fleming et al., 1996;Wang et al., 2008). However, the column leaching test is used to simulate leaching phenomena owing to the weathering impact on fly ash dumps by natural forces using artificial leachant (Chichester and Landsberger, 1996;Stewart et al., 2001). Though the conditions under which leaching tests are performed in the laboratory are different from the real environment at the disposal site, the results obtained from these tests provide an insight into the dissolution behaviour of different trace elements in the waste. ...
