B. N. Avasthi’s research while affiliated with Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur and other places

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Publications (28)


High pressure synthesis and characterization of molybdenum disulphide
  • Article

October 1986

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25 Reads

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26 Citations

Journal of the Less Common Metals

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B.N. Avasthi

Polycrystalline molybdenum disulphide has been grown by high pressure (about 54.88 × 106 N m−2) reduction of molybdenum trisulphide and characterized by various physicochemical methods. The chemical analysis of the compound established a sulphur to molybdenum ratio of 2, which was also confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis in air. The X-ray data was found to be consistent with 2H-MoS2, n-type conductivity (S = −275 μV °C−1) and diamagnetic behaviour ( c.g.s. e.m.u.). It is a semiconducting material with a room temperature conductivity of of and an activation energy of 0.124 eV in the temperature range 150–300 K. A band gap of 0.95 ± 0.02 eV was found from optical absorption studies on a thin MoS2 film. Thermal studies of MoS2 in an argon atmosphere has shown its stability up to 1200 °C and thereafter it decomposes to Mo2S3. A model has been proposed which describes the thermal behaviour of MoS2 when heated at various temperatures up to 1200 °C and is based on the appearance of lines in X-ray powder diffractogram of the product resulting from the crystallization of MoS2. Scanning electron microscope studies have also been made.


Layer type tungsten dichalcogenide compounds: their preparation, structure, properties and uses

November 1985

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30 Reads

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76 Citations

Journal of Materials Science

Tungsten dichalcogenides constitute a well defined family of compounds which crystallize in a layer type structure. These compounds find a wide range of applications in the field of catalysis and as a lubricant at high temperatures and pressures. They have also been investigated successfully as cathode and anode materials in photoelectrochemical cells for solar energy conversion. The layered tungsten dichalcogenides also exhibit superconducting behaviour when intercalated with alkali or alkaline earth metals and different divalent rare earth metals. In the present paper an attempt has been made to review the preparation, crystal structure and band models of tungsten dichalcogenides. Furthermore, we have tried to incorporate the physical, chemical, optical and electrical properties along with intercalation, thermal stability and uses of these compounds.


Indium intercalation compounds of molybdenum disulphide; InxMoS2 (0⩽ × ⩽1)

September 1985

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10 Reads

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18 Citations

Synthetic Metals

The present work reports a detailed investigation on crytal structure, electrical properties, and thermal stability for indium intercalation compounds of molybdenum disulphide. InxMoS2 (0⩽x⩽1). X-ray analyses show that intercalated compounds, like the host material 2HMoS2, also possess hexagonal symmetry with a small but continuous increase in interlayer spacing; there also exists a particle size anisotropy. Room temperature thermoelectric power experiments and low temperature (150 – 300 K) conductivity measurements indicate that intercalated compounds also exhibit n-type semiconducting behaviour similar to that of the base material MoS2. Thermal stability behaviour of these compounds in air and argon atmosphere has also been studied.


Synthesis and characterization of indium intercalation compounds of tungsten disulphide: InxWS2 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1)

January 1985

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44 Reads

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21 Citations

Synthetic Metals

The present work reports on the synthesis of indium intercalation compounds InxWS2 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1). The material has been characterized by X-ray studies for structure determination and particle size distribution, room temperature magnetic susceptibility, thermoelectric power experiments and conductivity measurements in the temperature range 150–300 K. These results have indicated that, like the host material WS2, the intercalated compounds also possess hexagonal symmetry and are diamagnetic p-type semiconductors. The activation energy for these compounds was determined from the conductivity data.





High-pressure growth of polycrystalline molybdenum disulphide

April 1983

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32 Reads

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15 Citations

Materials Letters

Poly crystalline molybdenum disulphide was prepared by high-pressure (56 kg/cm2) reduction of molybdenum trisulphide at 200°C. The stoichiometry was tested by chemical analysis and the crystallinity by X-ray diffraction studies. The room-temperature ac conductivity measurement showed a value of 1 × 10−4Ω−1 cm−1. The material was diamagnetic with χ⊥ = 0.05 × 10−6 emu. A band gap of 1.18 eV was obtained and n-type conductivity found. SEM studies showed 10–20 μm grain size. Temperature effect on the grain size was also studied.


Citations (21)


... The general observation of PEC cells made from as-grown semiconducting crystals belonging to the ternary mixed crystal group show low efficiency values (32)(33)(34). These values of efficiency varied among different electrodes, which is a normal observation arising from variations in exposed surface morphology within the exposed area, stoichiometry and doping levels (35)(36)(37)(38). Heat treatment improves the PEC behaviour of thicker crystals quite significantly, but it degrades the PEC behaviour for thinner crystals (39). ...

Reference:

Review of material properties of (Mo/W)Se2-layered compound semiconductors useful for photoelectrochemical solar cells
ChemInform Abstract: MOLYBDENUM DICHALCOGENIDES - THE IMPORTANT LAYER-TYPE COMPOUNDS FOR MODERN USES
  • Citing Article
  • September 1983

Chemischer Informationsdienst

... This increase is huge in comparison to cationic intercalation compounds like in WS 2 In (increasing from 6.16 Å in WS 2 to 6.18 Å in WS 2 In). 51 As a result of this strong interlayer expansion and weak interaction forces between layers, dislocations are typically obtained (see Figure S1). ...

Synthesis and characterization of indium intercalation compounds of tungsten disulphide: InxWS2 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1)
  • Citing Article
  • January 1985

Synthetic Metals

... Metal oxides with spinel structure (AB 2 O 4 ) show numerous interesting properties based on their chemical compositions and cationic distribution, occupying to both A and B sites. Hence, they are considered as potential materials in various fields, such as multiferroic [1], superconductivity [2], colossal magnetoresistivity [3], gas sensors [4], thermoelectric [5], etc. In addition, they are also widely studied as potential electrode materials for Li-storage, due to their high specific capacity and favourable crystal structure for Li-ion insertion [6][7][8][9][10][11]. ...

Thermoelectric power measurements of CuCr sub 2-x Al sub x O sub 4 and Cu sub 1-x Mg sub x Cr sub 2 O sub 4 solid solution spinel oxides
  • Citing Article
  • January 1989

... Suitable substrates for a UBO can also be various dyes, such as alizarin red S [184] or rhodamine B [185]. The structural formulas of these dyes are shown in Fig. 9. Furthermore, substrates of UBO can be relatively small molecules, such as thiourea [186,187] and some of its derivatives, e. g., N,N,N′-trimethylthiourea [188]. ...

New uncatalysed bromate-driven oscillators: The Rhodamine B base/Rhodamine B−BrO 3 − −H 2 SO 4 systems
  • Citing Article
  • April 1993

Journal of Chemical Sciences

... 10,14 However, partly we find few-layered 2D MoS2 with a molybdenum to molybdenum layer distance of 7 Å. This value is increased with respect to the bulk layer distance of 6.15 Å, 54,55 which is caused by the colloidal NSs having a twisted shape, therefore exhibitin non-optimal stacking. In samples with high molybdenum precursor concentration (240 mM, Figure 2d), few-layered NSs were found more frequently than in low molybdenum precursor synthesized NPLs. ...

Synthesis and characterization of indium intercalation compound of MoS2, In x MoS2 (0?x?1)
  • Citing Article
  • August 1984

Journal of Materials Science Letters

... However, they have many disadvantages, such as ageing and wetting properties, oil resistance, and poor weather resistance [1]. This is due to the unsaturation caused by the carboncarbon (C = C) double bond in polyisoprene monomers [1,2,3]. Various chemical methods have been studied to improve their performance and create new polymeric materials. ...

Hydrogenation of epoxidized natural rubber in the presence of palladium acetate catalyst
  • Citing Article
  • December 1993

Polymer

... When materials of spinel structure are synthesized, high-heat treatment or complicated equipment is used as a rule. Alongside with traditional spinel production methods such as ceramic (from corresponding metal oxides) [10 -12], hydroxides decomposition [13,14], salt decomposition [15], or a combination of these [16], hydrothermal methods [1,6,17] and extra-high pressure methods [9] are used nowadays. To obtain finely crystalline spinel samples, organic decomposition method is employed using ethylene glycol [1,18], egg white [19,20], starch [21], citric acid [3,7,22,23], urea [4]. ...

Solid state studies on rhodium-substituted CuCr sub 2 O sub 4 spinel oxide
  • Citing Article
  • January 1990

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

... At d b 0.12 μm the films might be classified as "thin" ones because the material constantthe electrical conductivityturned out to be dependent on the thickness. It should be noticed that the conductivity of non-textured MoS 2 films measured in the direction parallel to the substrate is usually lower (~10 − 5 -10 − 4 S•cm − 1 [5,[30][31][32]) than we observed for the films with d ≥ 0.12 μm. However, the larger values of σ ≈ 10 − 2 -4 S•cm − 1 [8,29,33], which practically coincide with the conductivity of single crystals [28,34], were also reported for the highly ordered films. ...

High-pressure growth of polycrystalline molybdenum disulphide
  • Citing Article
  • April 1983

Materials Letters

... Å, c = 7.78 Å, c/a = 1.29) normal spinel at room temperature. 22,23 The tetragonal distortion is a consequence of the Jahn-Teller effect of Cu 2+ cations that removes the ground-state degeneracy resulting in the flattening of the CuO 4 tetrahedra to the lower-symmetry tetragonal phase. However, upon heating, it transforms to the cubic spinel phase near 600 • C, where the compression of the CuO 4 tetrahedra is removed by orbital melting (transition from an orbitalordered to orbital-disordered state). ...

Thermoelectric power measurements of CuCr2-xAlxO4 and Cu1-xMgxCr2O4 solid solution spinel oxides
  • Citing Article
  • August 1989

Journal of Solid State Chemistry