B. Jänicke's research while affiliated with Freie Universität Berlin and other places

... The older organism is not a system whose primary feature is passive decay. This sizeable reserve capacity notwithstanding, however, the aging process entails also a definite loss in the range of plasticity; reserve capacity is reduced in magnitude-As a consequence, the adaptivity of the cognitive system (Coper et al., 1986;Kliegl & Baites, 1987) of older persons is likely to be smaller in such parameters as scope, speed, and maximum level. ...

... Following recommendations of Coleman et al. (1990) for studies of aging, more than two age groups were used. The mean lifespan of this strain of rats is 27 months (Janicke et al., 1985). Animals were provided with food and water ad libitum, and maintained in a temperature-controlled room with a 12-hour dark/light cycle. ...

... All behavioural analysis were blinded and randomised. Righting reflex procedure was performed as previously described (26,27). The test was video documented and analysed using BORIS (Behavioural Observation Research Interactive Software, http://www.boris.unito.it) ...

... Aging in humans and other animals is associated with a loss of the ability to maintain homeostasis in response to physiologic and environmental disturbances (Janicke and Coper, 1991;Roberts et al., 1994;Rolls et al., 1995;Silver et al., 1993;Van Remmen and Ward, 1997). One of the systems that is particularly affected with aging is that which regulates energy balance, leading to decreased ability to maintain body weight (BW) and lean body mass in response to illness or disease (Fischer and Johnson, 1990;Morley, 1997;Roberts et al., 1996b;Verdery, 1997). ...

... The doses of butorphanol and amphetamine were selected on the basis of previous studies reporting moderate effects of these doses on diverse measures of elicited and emitted behavior (Monder, 1981;Kanarek and Marks-Kaufman, 1988;Jänicke et al., 1990;Lynch et al., 1998;Smith et al., 1999). The pretreatment interval for butorphanol (15 minutes before each daily session) was selected on the basis of its time course to produce opioid-mediated antinociceptive effects (Smith et al., 1999;Cook et al., 2000) and reduce cocaine selfadministration (Lynch et al., 1998). ...

... Oral self-administration of amphetamine is vastly different than intravenous self-administration, because rats develop an aversion to oral amphetamine and consume mostly water in a two bottle choice procedure. Propranolol, but not haloperidol, increased the intake of amphetamine, indicating that the aversive effects of oral amphetamine are mediated by bAR signaling but not DA (Kongyingyoes et al., 1988). Additional support for a role of bARs in the negative effects of stimulants was observed using a runway model of self-administration in which rats must walk down an alley to a goal box to receive intravenous cocaine infusions. ...

... In this context, age seemed to be a good dimension for approaching the problem of the level of image variability (along with other factors such as stress, e.g.). Numerous researchers (Janicke, Coper, & Schulze, 1988;Palmore, Busse, Maddox, Nowlin, & Siegler, 1985;Shok et al., 1984) have found that an increase in intraindividual variability is observed before a notable decrease in mean performance (often qualitative). However, large variability in a given behavior can cause this behavior to become inappropriate (e.g., if a participant's stride length varies too much, the adjustment that preceded the sidestepping of an obstacle can become impossible; Berg, Wade, & Greer, 1994). ...

... 21,22 With aging in humans and in rodent models, memory appears to be more greatly impacted by hypoxia. [23][24][25][26][27][28] The HIF transcription system 29 is the "master" regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. 30,31 Under normoxia, HIF-α subunits are hydroxylated and degraded. ...

... Activity level, TEE and body composition can change throughout an individual's lifespan. An age-related decline in physical activity has been reported for humans, nonhuman primates and other mammals (Chusyd et al., 2021;Holdgate et al., 2016;Ingram, 2000;Jänicke et al., 1986;Pontzer et al., 2021;Sallis, 2000). Age-related changes in TEE and body composition are best studied in humans, where TEE and fat-free mass (FFM) decrease in adults older than 60 years (Elia et al., 2000;Manini, 2010;Pontzer et al., 2021;Speakman & Westerterp, 2010). ...

... While deficits in arm-trunk coordination have been demonstrated in deafferented and vestibular patients, it is unclear to what extent motor equivalence is affected by aging. Aging is accompanied by a well-documented progressive decline in motor performance (Wallace et al. 1980;Janicke and Wrobel 1984), which includes movement coordination difficulties (Seidler et al. 2002), increased movement variability (Contreras-Vidal et al. 1998;Darling et al. 1989), and movement slowing (Diggles-Buckles 1993). These difficulties negatively impact the ability of older adults to perform daily activities independently and have been related to an array of changes in the central nervous system, as well as peripheral structures, such as sensory receptors, muscles, peripheral nerves, and joints (Welford 1977;Salthouse 1985;Stelmach and Worringham 1985). ...