Azadeh Saffarian's research while affiliated with Institut Pasteur and other places
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Publications (18)
Objective
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells producing insulin. Both T1D patients and animal models exhibit gut microbiota and mucosa alterations, although the exact cause for these remains poorly understood. We investigated the production of key cytokines controlling gut integrity, the ab...
Shigellosis results from oral ingestion of the Gram-negative bacteria Shigella , and symptoms include severe diarrhea and dysentery. In the absence of vaccines, small molecule antibacterial drugs have provided treatment options for shigellosis. However, Shigella drug resistance is rapidly emerging, and Shigella strains with resistance to both third...
We have previously identified a crypt-specific core microbiota (CSCM) in the colons of healthy laboratory mice and related wild rodents. Here, we confirm that a CSCM also exists in the human colon and appears to be altered during colon cancer. The colonic microbiota is suggested to be involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Because...
Significance
Growing evidence indicates a correlation between colorectal cancer and intestinal dysbiosis or colonization by single bacterial species such as Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG), yet a causality link remains to be established. To address this point experimentally, we colonized Apc +/ − Notch-inducible mice with SGG....
We identified a crypt-specific core microbiota (CSCM) dominated by strictly aerobic, nonfermentative bacteria in murine cecal and proximal colonic (PC) crypts and hypothesized that, among its possible functions, it may affect epithelial regeneration. In the present work, we isolated representative CSCM strains using selective media based upon our i...
Background
A restricted set of aerobic bacteria dominated by the Acinetobacter genus was identified in murine intestinal colonic crypts. The vicinity of such bacteria with intestinal stem cells could indicate that they protect the crypt against cytotoxic and genotoxic signals. Genome analyses of these bacteria were performed to better appreciate th...
Shigella is a leading cause of dysentery worldwide, with the majority of infections caused by two subgroups, S. flexneri and S. sonnei. Although S. flexneri has been highly prevalent in low-income countries, global development has brought an increase in S. sonnei at the expense of S. flexneri. However, the mechanisms behind this shift are not under...
We report here the complete genome sequence of Delftia tsuruhatensis CM13, isolated from murine proximal colonic tissue. The genome assembly using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing resulted in a single scaffold of 7.19 Mb.
Significance
Our study aimed at exploring the intersection of high-fat diet, mucosal immune defenses, and microbiota. It remains unclear how diet imbalance toward excessive fat intake leads to secondary pathological effects on host physiology through the microbiota. We show that a short period of consumption of high-fat diet alters the small-intest...
Here, we report three genome sequences of bacteria isolated from murine proximal colonic tissue and identified as
Acinetobacter parvus
CM11,
Acinetobacter radioresistens
CM38, and
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
BR12.
Citations
... The authors claimed that the deficiency of Treg cells in the gut decreases the ability of the immune system to tolerate and discriminate self-antigens in the pancreatic b-cells (86). A mouse model of T1D has a reduction in IL-22, IL-17A, and IL-23A that is associated with loss of segmented filamentous bacteria (87). This alteration is reversed by treatment with antiinflammatory drugs, suggesting that dysbiosis is linked to inflammation rather than to T1D (87). ...
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... The above mechanisms are further implied by novel sequencing techniques suggesting there are specific gut microbiota signatures in CRC patients. A few studies have demonstrated the loss of alpha diversity of the gut microbiota of CRC patients [29][30][31]. A large meta-analysis of 386 samples from CRC patients and 392 tumor-free controls revealed heterogenic data on the alpha diversity but demonstrated the prevalence of 29 bacterial species in the CRC samples, among which were the already discussed Fusobacterium and Peptostreptococcus [32]. ...
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... Whether SGG is a driver and/or a passenger bacterium in CRC has been an open question for decades (reviewed in [20]). In favor of the passenger model, our group and others previously showed that tumor-associated conditions provide SGG UCN34 with the ideal environment to proliferate [21,22]. We showed that this colonization advantage was linked to the production of a bacteriocin enabling SGG to kill closely related gut microbiota bacteria [22]. ...
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... In this regard, the microbiome is the dynamic ecosystem composed of the microbiota, their genetic pool, metabolites, viruses and other mobile genetic elements [78], which plays an important role in the development and homeostasis of the gut. Studies using mouse and zebrafish models have demonstrated that the microbiome helps to educate the gut immune system [79], for example, stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells [80][81][82][83], influencing the level of neuroendocrine peptides [84], or modulating gut motility [81,85], amongst other functions. ...
... found an increase in aerobic bacteria such as Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter in patients with a stoma. These bacteria are responsible for the gene functions related to xenobiotics (Desouky, 2003;Fernańdez et al., 2009;Saffarian et al., 2017) and can cause wound and suppurative infections (Bryanti and Hammond, 1974;Mihu et al., 2010;Doughari et al., 2011;Kim et al., 2015). In addition, many patients (21%-70%) with a stoma have complications, including peristomal infection (Shabbir and Britton, 2010). ...
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... It has been revealed that certain Gram-negative bacteria have a complex secretion mechanism called the type VI secretion system (T6SS) [1][2][3]. Its effectors are cytotoxic, as shown in previous studies [4][5][6]. ...
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... All available sequenced D. tsuruhatensis genomes defined by the taxonomically united genome database in EzBioCloud (24) and NCBI GenBank were collected. The collection contained 15 genomes (Table S1), including two complete genomes (CM13 isolated from murine proximal colonic tissue and TR1180 isolated from the sputum of a 91-year-old female patient with respiratory failure) (21,25) and two genomes (LMG24775 and LZ-C) originally labeled as Delftia lacustris. These strains were obtained from plant rhizhospheres, water, and host environment, including Homo sapiens, Danio rerio, and murine, exhibiting niche diversity. ...
... As an example, PPARγ responds to butyrate production by gut bacteria and facilitates β-oxidation, while suppressing Nitric Oxide (NO) synthesis, maintaining the anaerobic milieu in the colonic environment and preventing dysbiosis [19][20][21]. Further, a high fat diet has been shown to procure spatial and compositional alterations of the gut microbiota, together with dysregulation of PPARγ signaling, which seems to control the spatial distribution of bacteria in the ileum of mice [22]. These phenomena were reversed by administration of a PPARγ agonist. ...
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... Likewise, lipases produced by the Acinetobacter sp. have been found useful for the bioremediation of alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. However, the use of the lipase remains limited due to confusion in the taxonomic identification and were designated by a variety of names (Snellman et al., 2002;Saffarian et al., 2015). Acinetobacter sp. ...
