Austin Roorda’s research while affiliated with University of California, Berkeley and other places

... Pursuing optimal visual outcomes following cataract surgery remains a cornerstone of modern ophthalmology [1]. Central to this objective is the precise calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power, which is instrumental in determining the refractive outcome post-surgery. ...

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Comparison of Traditional and AI-Based Methods: Barrett Universal II vs. Ladas Super Formula in IOL Power Calculation

... 21 It is not clear how, for example, an artificial lens or deformations of the retina due to retinal detachment impact the projection. More research is required, but with better knowledge of the individual eye, one can envision a re-projection through the exact anatomy using sophisticated mathematical eye models, 22,23 which could reduce the associated uncertainties. ...

Reference:

Evaluation of OPTOS wide‐field fundus image projections for radiotherapy planning of uveal melanoma

... For example, we have used RAOCT to automate imaging of the retina from different pupil entry positions, which prior work has shown to better visualize Henle's fiber layer in the outer retina. 127,[130][131][132][133][134] ...

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New Directions for Ophthalmic OCT - Handhelds, Surgery, and Robotics

... He concludes that "any slowly-accumulated weak responses that may be due to the drifting eye are negligible relative to the strong persistent volley generated by the landing saccade". But Examples of real (no drawings) eye drift traces acquired with three instruments: (A) a digital Dual Purkinje Image eye-tracker (Wu et al., 2023); (B) an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Roorda et al., 2002;Moon et al., 2024); (C) the oscillating field monitor, a specially designed coil-based system that enables recording of fine eye movements without restraining the head (Eibenberger et al., 2016). (D) Instantaneous speed distribution of eye drift during normal head-free fixation (from Aytekin et al. (2014)). ...

Reference:

The visual system does not operate like a camera

... It has been shown that as the beam diameter increases, the threshold for two-photon vision decreases, which is associated with a smaller spot size on the retina [17]. However, due to aberrations naturally occurring in the eye, without adaptive optics correction, the full NA = 0.23 for the dilated pupil cannot be fully exploited [18]. ...

Reference:

Method for the determination of the luminance of two-photon vision stimuli

... Another outstanding issue is that loss of Nr2e3 produces distinct phenotypes in mice and humans (19). While rd7 mice show relatively modest changes in rod gene expression and exhibit no evidence of enhanced sensitivity to short-wavelength light, humans with mutations in NR2E3 have enhanced S-cone syndrome characterized by a supranormal ERG response to shortwavelength light (44). These observations suggest that the function of NR2E3 is not entirely conserved between the mouse and human and that NR2E3-mutant human rods may be transfated into supernumerary blue cones. ...

Reference:

Germline knockout of Nr2e3 protects photoreceptors in three distinct mouse models of retinal degeneration

... In most retinal degenerative diseases, the function of photoreceptors, including rods and all types of cones, is attenuated, whereas in ESCS, the ability of the blue cone is enhanced based on an increase in the number of these cells [28]. Several research groups have studied the reasons for the increased blue cone in ESCS. ...

Reference:

Mouse NR2E3 Mutation Disrupts Photoreceptor Developmental Paradigm and Leads to Early‐Onset Progressive Retinal Degeneration by Suppressing RXRG Signaling

... As discussed briefly in the Introduction, veridical features of the environment are not immediately available (and arguably never become available) to a viewer. The viewer must construct a mental representation of the veridical features through a combination of sensory information (Kanai & Verstraten, 2006;Perdreau & Cavanagh, 2013;Vanston et al., 2023). For elevation, this could be a combination of retinal position, vestibular feedback, and contextual cues like the position of the ground or uprightness of objects. ...

Reference:

Crossmodal correspondence of elevation/pitch and size/pitch is driven by real-world features

... Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) is a powerful imaging modality that allows for cellular imaging in the living human retina [1][2][3]. Using this technology enables the visualization of various cell types, such as cone photoreceptors [4,5], rod photoreceptors [6,7], retinal pigment epithelium cells [8][9][10], ganglion cells [11,12] and microglia [13,14]. Despite the success of this imaging modality in healthy subjects, the translation to clinically relevant cases is rather challenging. ...

Reference:

Image Quality in Adaptive Optics Optical Coherence Tomography of Diabetic Patients

... While controlling diffraction and scatter is challenging, monochromatic aberrations (both lower and higher orders) can be effectively measured and corrected with modern optical and surgical techniques [1,2]. However, despite these advancements, ocular chromatic aberrations, especially longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA), are known to significantly degrade visual quality [3][4][5][6]. Actively controlling chromatic aberrations remains difficult. ...

Reference:

Controlling ocular longitudinal chromatic aberration using a spatial light modulator