Artyom Y. Peretyatko’s research while affiliated with History of Science Society and other places

The article is devoted to the evolution of the land-use system in the villages of the Don and Kuban Cossack Hosts in 1860–1890. Based on the materials of the State Archives of the Rostov Region, the State Archives of the Krasnodar Region and the Manuscripts Department of the Russian National Library, the author concludes that at this time there was a transition from the “free” land-use system to a share land-use system. The first of these systems, traditional for Cossack Hosts, assumed that each Cossack smells as much land as he wants. Since most of the Cossacks before 1860 engaged in cattle breeding, this system worked quite successfully, but its consequence was the strengthening of social inequality in the villages: the Cossacks, plowing large areas of land, quickly enriched themselves. Under these conditions, the government tried to protect the poor Cossacks by allowing them to lease their share according to the law to non-residents. This measure and the increase in land shortage in the villages led to a gradual transition of the Cossacks to a share land use system. However, as a result of mass delivery of shares to nonresident, the landlessness of not separate Cossack households, but Cossack villages as a whole began: by 1899 about 20% of the village lands of Don Cossacks were transferred to nonresident leases. Copyright © 2019 by International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research

The article is devoted to the realization of the all-Russian project of the official history of the Cossacks in 1902-1908 on the Don. The author shows that this project, which is considered unsuccessful and which is almost forgotten, in fact allowed the creation of books that have become regional scientific classics. But it did not happen on the Don. The main obstacle for the study was the necessary for preparatory work to collect historical sources. The note "About the Organization of Historical Works in Cossack Hosts" required such work, but it was not clearly regulated in this document. As a result, I.P. Popov, who was originally charged for writing the Don history, and a commission of members of the Don statistical committee, which tried to draw up a work plan later, failed to effectively organize the collection and systematization of documents. And in 1908 the general meeting of the committee decided to attract professional historians for this work. It referred to the fact that nothing had been done at last six years. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite all the shortcomings of the government project, it created certain prerequisites for writing the first full-fledged history of the Don army, but these premises were missed because of mistakes by the local administration and those amateur historians who were involved in her work. © 2018 by International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research

In the second part of the article, we continue to explore regional prerequisites of the reforms of the Don Cossacks 1860-1870 on the basis of the works of contemporaries including unpublished manuscripts. We were able to identify some manifestations of the crisis of the Don Cossacks in the mid 19-th century. Troops of Don Cossacks demonstrated lesser combatant value with each new war. Government system of Don Host Oblast was archaic and inefficient. We concluded that reforms were necessary for Don Cossacks because of internal, not external reasons, but the fact that these reformations were directed on its "civil development" to the detriment of martial part was personal decision of Minister of War D.A. Milyutin. Although this decision was supported by office of Ministry of War many his contemporaries considered it false. Copyright © 2017 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o.

Until present time the reformations of Don Host in 1860-1870 years were associated primarily with Russian-wide context of the Great Reforms and modernization of Russian Empire. In this article we made effort to retrace regional prerequisites of these reformations and understand if they were necessary for Don Cossacks. Based on the works of contemporaries including archival materials (unpublished manuscripts of Cossack officials, projects of deputies from Cossack villages) we have come to conclusion that Don Host in the mid 19-th century was in state of serious crisis. Don Host Oblast in economical regard more and more fell behind in comparison to ordinary provinces of Russian Empire. Furthermore, traditional insularity of Don Cossacks caused irritation of imperial officials considering it to be manifestation of "don separatism" and, what is more, local realities did not conduce to its preservation. Copyright © 2017 by Sochi State University.

The article is devoted to the reform of the military administration of the Don Cossacks in 1866-1874. Based on the analysis of archival material and testimonies of contemporaries, the author shows that the traditional opinion about the spread to the Don Cossacks military district system is incorrect. Special «Proekt polozhenija o voennom upravlenii v Vojske Donskom» was developed. According it, the military administration in the Don region was significantly different from the ordinary military district administration. Most of the sections of this document was realized, but the dispute about the administration system of provincial troop prevented its approval. Results of the research are the finding that the reform was developed by the local administration, not the Ministry of War. It was supposed to solve the existing problems of the military administration of the Don Cossacks.

The article is devoted to the attempt to convey Mius district from the Don Host Oblast to the Taganrog Governorate. Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire A. E. Timashev regarded the new governorate as "little Russian" and wanted to include in its part of the Don Host Oblast, which was dominated by Little Russian population. Based on the analysis of archival material and testimonies of contemporaries, the author shows that this initiative has been irrelevant for Little Russians of Don Host Oblast and for Don Cossacks inviolability of borders was crucial. Attention is paid to the arguments of supporters and opponents of territorial reform. Results of the research are the finding that attempt to separate Mius district from the Don Host Oblast was connected with the struggle between A.E. Timashev and D.A. Milyutin, but not with the real interests of Little Russians.

The article is analyzed the report of the Russian agent in Vienna F.F. Tornau about the situation in the Militärgrenze in 1864, and based on it the report of the officer of the General Staff N.I. Krasnov about the financial ineffectiveness of irregular troops. The author concludes that by 1864 the Austrian Government understood the need for reform of the Militärgrenze. A opposite view, common in Russian historiography, based on incomplete information and is not quite correct. The article also shows that N.I. Krasnov first pointed to the similarity of processes at the Militärgrenze, and in the Don Host Oblast in 1860.

The article is devoted to the evolution of concepts about irregular forces, their tactics and organization in Russian military theory. The author pays most attention to the period 1850-1910, when the question about the necessary reforms of irregular, especially Cossack regiments was most important. The results of the study are the findings that the term "irregular troops" changed its original meaning, and that the traditional attributing the Cossacks for the irregular troops is not quite correct.

The article is devoted to the evolution of Eastern European irregular troops in the XVIII century, when they were forced to compete with the regular armies of the Western European model. In it are analyzed shortcomings and advantages of irregular system of the organization which became actual in this century. The author comes to a conclusion that the elimination of the most part of the East European irregular troops was made possible only when regular armies start using their tactics and weapons. Similar influence was mutual, and preserved irregular troops adopted more and more elements of the organization of a regular army.