Ariane Dekker’s research while affiliated with University of Amsterdam and other places

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Publications (20)


Diffuse ultrahigh-energy gamma-ray emission from TeV halos
  • Article

April 2024

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9 Reads

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10 Citations

Physical Review D

Ariane Dekker

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Ian Holst

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The LHAASO Collaboration has recently reported a measurement of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic Plane at energies between 10 TeV and 1 PeV. While this emission is brighter than that expected from cosmic-ray interactions in the interstellar medium alone, we show that the intensity, spectrum, and morphology of this excess are in good agreement with that predicted from the “TeV halos” which surround the Milky Way’s pulsar population. These results support the conclusion that TeV halos dominate the ultrahigh-energy sky, and that these objects convert ∼5% of their total spindown power into very high and ultrahigh-energy photons.


Diffuse Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission From TeV Halos

May 2023

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9 Reads

The LHAASO Collaboration has recently reported a measurement of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic Plane at energies between 10 TeV and 1 PeV. While this emission is brighter than that expected from cosmic-ray interactions in the interstellar medium alone, we show that the intensity, spectrum, and morphology of this excess are in good agreement with that predicted from the "TeV halos" which surround the Milky Way's pulsar population. These results support the conclusion that TeV halos dominate the ultra-high-energy sky, and that these objects convert 5%\sim 5\% of their total spindown power into very-high and ultra-high-energy photons.


Constraints on light decaying dark matter candidates from 16 years of INTEGRAL/SPI observations

February 2023

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9 Reads

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38 Citations

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

We apply the recently developed analysis of 16 years of INTEGRAL/SPI data including a dark matter spatial template to derive bounds on dark matter candidates lighter than WIMPs (like sterile neutrinos or axion-like particles) decaying into line or continuum electromagnetic final state channels. The bounds obtained are the strongest to date for dark matter masses between ∼60 keV and ∼16 MeV experiencing two-body decays producing photon lines.


Warm dark matter constraints using Milky Way satellite observations and subhalo evolution modeling

December 2022

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4 Reads

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60 Citations

Physical Review D

Warm dark matter (WDM) can potentially explain small-scale observations that currently challenge the cold dark matter (CDM) model, as warm particles suppress structure formation due to free-streaming effects. Observing small-scale matter distribution provides a valuable way to distinguish between CDM and WDM. In this work, we use observations from the Dark Energy Survey and PanSTARRS1, which observe 270 Milky-Way satellites after completeness corrections. We test WDM models by comparing the number of satellites in the Milky Way with predictions derived from the Semi-Analytical SubHalo Inference Modeling (sashimi) code, which we develop based on the extended Press-Schechter formalism and subhalos’ tidal evolution prescription. We robustly rule out WDM with masses lighter than 4.4 keV at 95% confidence level for the Milky-Way halo mass of 1012 M⊙. The limits are a weak function of the (yet uncertain) Milky-Way halo mass, and vary as mWDM≳3.6–5.1 keV for (0.6–2.0)×1012 M⊙. For the sterile neutrinos that form a subclass of WDM, we obtain the constraints of mνs>12 keV for the Milky-Way halo mass of 1012 M⊙, independent of the mixing angle. These results based on sashimi do not rely on any assumptions of galaxy formation physics or are not limited by numerical resolution. The models, therefore, offer a robust and fast way to constrain the WDM models. By applying a satellite forming condition, however, we can rule out the WDM mass lighter than 9.0 keV for the Milky-Way halo mass of 1012 M⊙.


Constraints on light decaying dark matter candidates from 16 years of INTEGRAL/SPI observations

September 2022

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12 Reads

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3 Citations

We apply the recently developed analysis of 16 years of INTEGRAL/SPI data including a dark matter spatial template to derive bounds on dark matter candidates lighter than WIMPs (like sterile neutrinos or axion-like particles) decaying into line or continuum electromagnetic final state channels. The bounds obtained are the strongest to date for dark matter masses between \sim 60 keV and \sim16 MeV experiencing two-body decays producing photon lines.


Warm Dark Matter Constraints Using Milky-Way Satellite Observations and Subhalo Evolution Modeling

November 2021

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23 Reads

Warm dark matter (WDM) can potentially explain small-scale observations that currently challenge the cold dark matter (CDM) model, as warm particles suppress structure formation due to free-streaming effects. Observing small-scale matter distribution provides a valuable way to distinguish between CDM and WDM. In this work, we use observations from the Dark Energy Survey and PanSTARRS1, which observe 270 Milky-Way satellites after completeness corrections. We test WDM models by comparing the number of satellites in the Milky Way with predictions derived from the Semi-Analytical SubHalo Inference ModelIng (SASHIMI) code, which we develop based on the extended Press-Schechter formalism and subhalos' tidal evolution prescription. We robustly rule out WDM with masses lighter than 4.4 keV at 95% confidence level for the Milky-Way halo mass of 1012M10^{12} M_\odot. The limits are a weak function of the (yet uncertain) Milky-Way halo mass, and vary as mWDM>3.6m_{\rm WDM}>3.6-5.1 keV for (0.6-2.0)×1012M2.0) \times 10^{12} M_\odot. For the sterile neutrinos that form a subclass of WDM, we obtain the constraints of mνs>11.6m_{\nu_s}>11.6 keV for the Milky-Way halo mass of 1012M10^{12} M_{\odot}. These results based on SASHIMI do not rely on any assumptions of galaxy formation physics or are not limited by numerical resolution. The models, therefore, offer a robust and fast way to constrain the WDM models. By applying a satellite forming condition, however, we can rule out the WDM mass lighter than 9.0 keV for the Milky-Way halo mass of 1012M10^{12} M_\odot.


Searches for sterile neutrinos and axionlike particles from the Galactic halo with eROSITA

July 2021

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14 Reads

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36 Citations

Physical Review D

Dark matter might be made of “warm” particles, such as sterile neutrinos in the keV mass range, which can decay into photons through mixing and are consequently detectable by x-ray telescopes. Axionlike particles (ALPs) are detectable by x-ray telescopes, too, when coupled to standard model particles and decay into photons in the keV range. Both particles could explain the unidentified 3.5 keV line, and, interestingly, XENON1T observed an excess of electron recoil events most prominent at 2–3 keV. One explanation could be an ALPs origin, which is not yet excluded by x-ray constraints in an anomaly free symmetry model in which the photon production is suppressed. We study the diffuse emission coming from the Galactic halo and calculate the sensitivity of all-sky x-ray survey performed by eROSITA to identify a sterile neutrino or ALP dark matter. We estimate bounds on the mixing angle of the sterile neutrinos and coupling strength of the ALPs. After four years of data taking by eROSITA, we expect to set stringent constraints, and in particular, we expect to firmly probe mixing angle sin2(2θ) up to nearly 2 orders magnitude below the best-fit value for explaining the unidentified 3.5 keV line. Moreover, with eROSITA, we will be able to probe the ALP parameter space of couplings to photons and electrons and potentially confirm an ALP origin of the XENON1T excess.


Figure 1: Left: Present and future limits on the dark matter annihilation cross-section placed by APS
Figure 2: Left: The projected sensitivity of KM3NeT (green) together with current bounds from Fermi-LAT dSphs obtained with MMMDM (grey) [12] and XENON1T (light blue) [14] obtained with RAPIDD [15], as labelled, in the { , , }-plane for the anomaly-free (1) − model. The black dotted lines are where = 2 × 10 −26 cm 3 /s, i.e. the value for simple freeze-out. All exclusion limits and projection are provided
Dark Matter Phenomenology from Upcoming Neutrino Telescopes:
  • Conference Paper
  • Full-text available

July 2021

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18 Reads

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1 Citation

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Citations (11)


... The Galactic diffuse emission observed by air shower gamma-ray observatories may largely arise from the cosmic-ray sea interacting with the interstellar medium (ISM) (Fang & Murase 2023;Fang et al. 2024a;Lipari & Vernetto 2024), although it may also include a contribution from unresolved sources (Vecchiotti et al. 2022). Pulsar halos have been suggested as such sources (Dekker et al. 2024;Yan et al. 2024). Our results imply that hard-state BHXBs may also be a promising contributor to the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic plane. ...

Reference:

Multi-messenger Emission by Magnetically Arrested Disks and Relativistic Jets of Black Hole X-ray Binaries
Diffuse ultrahigh-energy gamma-ray emission from TeV halos
  • Citing Article
  • April 2024

Physical Review D

... Even for vanishing mixing angles of χ with the other two neutral scalars, it can decay into a pair of photons at the one-loop level via virtual charged scalars H + , δ + L , and δ ++ L,R , as well as the gauge boson W + R , as shown in Fig. 1. In the low-mass limit m χ ≪ v R of interest to us, the decay width reads (see Ref. [37]) [42,44] (gray), and COMPTEL [40] (brown). The red dashed line represents future X-ray reach [38,45]. ...

Constraints on light decaying dark matter candidates from 16 years of INTEGRAL/SPI observations
  • Citing Article
  • February 2023

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

... Despite the possibility that subhalos can affect the stellar dynamics that manifests in the Gaia snail, the abundance necessary to match the strength of the perturbations measured by Gaia exceeds the number of dark satellites predicted by CDM by a factor 5 − 10, based on our simulations with galacticus. The implied abundance of subhalos, assuming satellites alone triggered the formation of the snail, is also in tension with recent inferences of the Milky Way's subhalo mass function from stellar streams (Banik et al. 2021) and the abundance of dwarf galaxies (Nadler et al. 2020;Dekker et al. 2022). These results suggest another mechanism, likely acting in combination with dark and luminous satellites, gave rise to the Gaia snail. ...

Warm dark matter constraints using Milky Way satellite observations and subhalo evolution modeling
  • Citing Article
  • December 2022

Physical Review D

... • Indirect searches for heavy decaying DM components: if heavy flavor components are DM, their present-time decay in galaxies produces a large number of energetic photons, positrons and neutrinos, which contribute to photon and cosmic-ray fluxes in space. These additional fluxes are constrained by astrophysical observations of gamma-rays , X-rays [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60], radio-waves [39,61], positrons [60,62] and neutrinos [63][64][65][66][67]. See also a comprehensive review [68] and references therein. For a DM particle decaying only into SM particles, the current best lower limits on DM lifetimes reach τ DM ∼ 10 24 -10 28 sec [68], depending on mass range and decay modes of DM. ...

Constraints on light decaying dark matter candidates from 16 years of INTEGRAL/SPI observations
  • Citing Preprint
  • September 2022

... region such as a galactic DM halo can produce a distinctive monochromatic emission line that can be distinguished from astrophysical backgrounds. Over the years, searches for these emission lines have spanned a broad range of frequencies, from radio waves to X-rays [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In particular, if the mass m a of the ALP particles is on the order of electronvolts (eVs) then their decay would produce photons in the infrared, optical, and ultraviolet bands. ...

Searches for sterile neutrinos and axionlike particles from the Galactic halo with eROSITA
  • Citing Article
  • July 2021

Physical Review D

... One way to test this scenario is to search for the fluxes of SM particles produced by the evaporation of PBHs. Limits from current data exclude the portion of parameter space in blue in fig. 3 Taken from [29]. Upper limits on the couplings of ALPs with photons from Fermi-LAT observations. ...

Probing sterile neutrinos and axion-like particles from the Galactic halo with eROSITA

... The directional distribution is defined by the galactic dark matter halo profile [100][101][102], while the energy spectrum depends on the dark matter mass and annihilation channels; see [103] for an extended discussion. The analysis presented uses both the directional and energy distribution, which results in a more powerful -though more model-dependent -search than only using the directional information [104]. ...

Robust limits from upcoming neutrino telescopes and implications on minimal dark matter models

... Here we use the results collected in Appendix A of Ref. [23], which summarizes searches that have been conducted with Chandra [59,60], Newton-XMM [61], NuStar [62][63][64][65], and INTEGRAL [58]. These constraints are expected to further strenghten with future X-ray telescopes, and we use the optimistic projections collected in Ref. [23] for GECCO [66], THESEUS [67] and Athena [68][69][70], which could probe lifetimes of order 10 30 sec for masses in the relevant mass range. ...

Searches for sterile neutrinos and axionlike particles from the Galactic halo with eROSITA
  • Citing Article
  • March 2021

... However, dark matter beyond this mass can be consistent with the observed dark matter density when a composite dark matter scenario is in play, or non-standard cosmological history is considered and/or dark matter is produced via nonthermal processes [162]. Additional dark matter searches from external collaborations using IceCube events have also explored above the 100 TeV mass range [163][164][165][166][167]. Renewed interest in superheavy dark matter originates from the fact that collider-based searches came back empty-handed, and the superheavy dark matter region became experimentally accessible using high-energy neutrinos [168][169][170][171][172][173]. ...

Probing dark matter signals in neutrino telescopes through angular power spectrum