Antonio A. Casilli’s research while affiliated with Institut Polytechnique de Paris and other places

... Other exploitative tendencies are evident in the global outsourcing of some aspects of development and maintenance that rely on low-wage labour such as data labelling and content moderation (Ludec et al., 2023). It is evident that this perpetuates labour exploitation similar to colonial labour practices where the benefits of technological advancements are concentrated in the wealthy countries, while the labour costs are borne by cheap labourers in the Global South (Williams, 2022). ...

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Trustworthy AI-African Perspectives

... Moreover, the exploitation of low-wage laborers, or "ghost workers," who clean and categorize data for AI training, adds another ethical dimension to the use of AI in academic publishing. 11(p1), 54 Homolak highlights the dilemma of accountability in AI-generated plagiarism: "Who is to blame for plagiarism if the chatbot decides to plagiarize?" 27(p2) , emphasizing the complexity of attributing responsibility in cases where AI generates content without disclosing the source of information. 27 Huang argues that AI-driven technologies, while improving efficiencies such as text annotation and keyword extraction, often perpetuate biases embedded in the datasets they are trained on, thus raising concerns about the integrity of the scholarly outputs. ...

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Scholarly Discourse on GenAI’s Impact on Academic Publishing

... Les techniques de collecte et d'analyse de données numériques et les systèmes d'intelligence artificielle (SIA) sont de plus en plus mobilisés en recherche. Si ces avancées sont porteuses de bénéfices notables (analyse et interprétation de données, modélisation complexe, recension des écrits, rédaction, édition, etc.), elles soulèvent également de nouveaux enjeux éthiques (Tiidenberg, 2017;Simonnot, 2019;Mollina et al., 2023;Resnik & Hosseini, 2024). En effet, l'intégration croissante du traitement des données numériques et de l'IA en recherche est susceptible de présenter des risques spécifiques pour les recherches qui comportent la participation d'êtres humains, tout en amplifiant certaines problématiques classiques. ...

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Guide pratique pour l'évaluation éthique de projets de recherche collégiaux impliquant l'intelligence artificielle et l'utilisation de données numériques personnelles

... In fact, by monopolizing data (Zuboff, 2023), platforms exercise power and control far beyond their physical and legal perimeter, subordinating seemingly autonomous and distant organizations (Ietto-Gillies and Trentini, 2023). Finally, labour fragmentation is significantly exacerbated by platformsboth locally and on a global scale (Casilli et al., 2023) -, with relevant implications in terms of working conditions, economic vulnerability (see inter alia, Kenney and Zysman, 2020;Cirillo et al., 2023) and social conflicts (Della Porta et al., 2022). ...

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Blurring Boundaries: An Analysis of the Digital Platforms-Military Nexus

... Despite its limitations, the capacity of LPT to analyse the changing forms of work and their implications has also been demonstrated by the recent strand of literature that successfully applies LPT to a new frontier of workers' exploitation, the gig economy. This form of work organisation is centred on the intermediation and the management of labour via online platforms (Chicchi et al, 2022). Given its origin from Braverman's work, for whom the relationship between technology and power relations at work was central, it is not surprising that LPT-inspired approaches to analyse platform work have flourished (Joyce and Stuart, 2021). ...

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New Directions in Labour Process Theory

... However, more work is needed to grasp the complex ways in which humans augment AI across contexts and applications. Studies focusing on highly digitalized forms of work , private uses (e.g., social media and content moderation, e.g., Llansó, 2020) and domestic applications such as smart speakers (Tubaro and Casilli, 2022) show that human augmentation is both a feature and a bug of AI. Future research could systematically compare application areas and technologies, for example, embodied vs. disembodied vs. embedded AI (Glikson and Woolley, 2020), in terms of what human augmentation does to the AI and what the AI does to human augmentation (Jarrahi et al., 2023). ...

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Artificial intelligence, human intelligence and hybrid intelligence based on mutual augmentation

... A landmark example is the ImageNet database, which was instrumental in revealing the power and potential of so-called 'deep learning' in the early 2010s, and which had been built through the hidden work of over 50,000 people who tagged 14 million images (Denton et al., 2021). Data work is also a key ingredient of the development of autonomous vehicles (Schmidt, 2019), voice assistants (Tubaro & Casilli, 2022) and the large language model behind popular chatbot ChatGPT (Perrigo, 2023). Industry sources reckon that demand for data work is growing (Cognilytica, 2022). ...

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The digital labour of artificial intelligence in Latin America: a comparison of Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela

... Esto confirma los hallazgos de investigaciones globales que señalan que el microtrabajo digital, aunque ofrece flexibilidad y oportunidades de ingresos, exacerba las desigualdades de género existentes. Se configura como una "tercera jornada" para las mujeres y perpetua la desvalorización del trabajo femenino (Tubaro et al., 2022). Esta dinámica se ve reforzada por la precariedad del hogar, que afecta especialmente a las mujeres con responsabilidades domésticas (Gerber, 2022). ...

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Plataformas digitales de microtrabajo en Brasil: un análisis del perfil, percepciones y condiciones de un trabajo invisibilizadoDigital microwork platforms in Brazil: an analysis of the profile, perceptions, and conditions of an invisible work

... This shift in transaction methods has emphasized the importance of identity, especially digital identity. Furthermore, the lack of a legal identity can be a critical barrier to accessing digital technologies Health and disability status 49,55,59,112,123 People living with disabilities often face greater barriers to accessing the internet, while those experiencing poor physical or mental health, or psychological distress tend to more intensely and frequently use the internet Employment status 9,[124][125][126][127] Unemployed populations have lower levels of digital literacy as baseline digital literacy is often required for many jobs. The digital world also gave rise to novel forms of employment (e.g. ...

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A scoping review and expert consensus on digital determinants of health

... Ghost work refers to micro-working tasks that remain largely invisible and dispersed in global (and digital) value chains (Gray and Suri, 2019;Morgan et al., 2023). Free social labor (Casilli, 2021) refers to a model of engagement not recognized as 'work' by any of the users who participate in the production process. However, in the relation between visibility and accountability, being visible means also being recognizable in the digital labor market. ...

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Transparent Informality: The Ma(s)king of Professionals in Childcare Service Platforms