Anna-Kaisa Salmi's research while affiliated with University of Oulu and other places
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Publications (13)
Animal domestication is a profound change for human societies, economies, and worldviews. The shifting definitions of animal domestication reflect its varying and process-like nature. Reindeer is one of the species whose domestication is not easily pinned down using standard definitions and research methodologies of animal domestication. In recent...
Reindeer herding today is under multiple pressures from climate change, competing forms of land use, and socioeconomic change. At the same time, reindeer-herding practices are important bearers of memory and tradition. As memories and traditions are alive and vibrant in today’s reindeer-herding practices and landscapes, those practices and landscap...
This concluding chapter summarises the new insights provided by a combination of archaeological research, traditional knowledge, and other sources of information on reindeer domestication and the development of reindeer herding in northern Fennoscandia. The archaeological evidence presented in the previous chapters provides new chronological inform...
It has been suggested that draught reindeer have been used for pulling and carrying people and their things ever since reindeer were domesticated. This chapter explores past and present working reindeer use through archaeological, historical, and ethnographic evidence and reindeer herders’ traditional and practical knowledge. As the identification...
This chapter explores the effects of the transition to reindeer herding on Sámi society and worldview. The transition from reindeer hunting to herding included a profound shift in the understanding of animals as someone’s property. Social organisation, reflected in the archaeological remains of dwelling sites, changed to accommodate the needs of th...
Reindeer winter feeding is increasingly important to reindeer herders due to the effects of larger reindeer herds, fragmentation of pastures due to other land use, and climate change on the quantity and quality of winter pastures. Feeding also plays an important role in taming individuals selected for draught reindeer training. In traditional reind...
Habitual loading patterns of domesticated animals may differ due to human influence from their wild counterparts. In the early stages of human-reindeer interaction, cargo and draft use was likely important, as well as corralling tame reindeer. This may result to changes in loading as increased (working) or decreased (captive) loading, as well as fo...
The marketplace in Kolari, Northern Finland was used until the 1880s. Located on Kolarinsaari island on the Muonionjoki river in close proximity to the Kolari church, it was a winter meeting place for local farmers and Sámi, as well as for tradesmen from the areas that are now Sweden, Finland, and Karelia. Archaeological excavations were carried ou...
Recent developments in physical activity assessment of reindeer offer a possibility to identify reindeer activity in the archaeological record. These include species-specific muscle attachment site scoring, identification of activity-related pathologies, and bone biomechanical properties. In this paper, we employ entheseal site scoring to identify...
Human-animal relationships have influenced many aspects of human culture and societies, as the lives of humans and animals were intertwined in past societies. Increasing interest in current archaeology towards human-animal relationships calls for a comprehensive consideration of the role of animal movement in these entanglements. This chapter prese...
This book presents the state-of-the art in the analysis of animal movements in the past and its implications for human societies. It also addresses the importance of animal activity and mobility for understanding past human societies and past human-animal relationships through cases studies from different periods and areas. It is the first book to...
Citations
... 83-84;Korhonen 2008, p. 42). In addition, feeding may have served other purposes related to the relationships between herders and reindeer; today's reindeer herders use feeding to establish a trusting relationship with reindeer, help with taming and training of reindeer, keep the reindeer in good condition, and monitor their well-being (Salmi et al. 2022). ...
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... The reindeer agency and initiative in the habitual place-ballets that shaped the soil geoarchaeologies is documented in the ethnographic literature and was motivated e.g. by the smoky suovas fires lit by the herders to offer respite from the swarms of insects plaguing their animals. Studying the overlapping and intertwining lifeworlds of the different social groups, including human and animal actors (see Äikäs et al. 2021;Nyyssönen & Salmi 2013;Salmi & Heino 2019) such as reindeer, dogs, mosquitoes and parasitic flies (Kynkäänniemi 2020), allows approaching and interpreting the spatialities of reindeer herder camps more holistically. ...
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... The amount of cortical bone in long bone crosssections is correlated with the strength of the shaft to weight constraints, while the shape of cross-sections provides information about the direction of forces acting on the bone, indicating the function of the considered bone during locomotion (Shackelford et al. 2013). Beyond these effects of increased body mass and changes in feeding behaviours, the increase in the amount of cortical bone among captive individuals is also linked to a prolonged standing lifestyle, and increased axial loading and/or muscle loading (Niinimäki and Salmi 2016;Niinimäki et al. 2021). Ultimately, the (internal and external) morphology of the stylopodial and zeugopodial bones is better adapted to function (i.e. ...
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... People adapted their lifeways to horses to increase the predictability and productivity of this key resource. As Salmi and Niinimäki (2020) find for reindeer, the rhythms and migrations of horses "formed the basis for the rhythms and migrations of human societies" (5). In hunting horses, people became acutely attuned to their behaviors, evidenced by the true-to-life, sensitive portrayal of horses in cave and portable art. ...
