Ann C. Wendt’s research while affiliated with Wright State University and other places

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Publications (7)


Employment Discrimination in the Restaurant Industry
  • Article
  • Full-text available

February 2007

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6,564 Reads

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22 Citations

Cornell Hospitality Quarterly

William M. Slonaker

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Ann C. Wendt

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An analysis of a database compiled by the authors from claims recorded by the Ohio Civil Rights Commission found that three causes of action accounted for most employment-discrimination claims against restaurants in that state. Those causes are (in decreasing order of frequency) race, sex, and retaliation. When the restaurants are analyzed according to type, however, the frequency of claims changes. One particular change of note is the rise of retaliation claims, which overwhelmingly follow complaints based on other causes. This cause of action merits attention from restaurant operators because a retaliation claim can continue even if the original complaint fails or is dropped.

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Retaliation: The form of 21st century employment discrimination

February 2006

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218 Reads

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11 Citations

Business Horizons

During the past decade, retaliation as a basis for employment discrimination claims has risen dramatically from fourth to second place (behind race), increasing by 46%. By definition, retaliation is the act of an employer, through a manager, inflicting an adverse action (such as discharge, discipline, or demotion) against an employee who has complained of discrimination. Retaliation claims open the possibility of punitive damages, examples of which are given in this article. Drawing 1361 cases from a 21-year database, we report the characteristics of retaliation claims and offer recommendations to prevent and manage such claims.


Table 2 Length of Employment of Discharged Males
Table 3
Table 4
African American males in the front door but out the back door: Monitor discharges

February 2003

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84 Reads

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8 Citations

Equal Opportunities International

While every instance of race-based employment discrimination is important, this study finds that managers need to devote extra attention to the discharge of male, African American employees. During the past three decades, efforts to create fair procedures and promote perceptions of fair treatment have focused on hiring activities, the “front door”. However, this study of actualemployment discrimination claims finds that discrimination against African American menmay be particularly acute in the realm of employee discharge, the “back door”. In addition, this study suggests that the employees’ immediate supervisors should be trained and monitored in order to reduce this form of racial discrimination.


An Analysis of Gender Equity in the Federal Labor Relations Career Field

December 2002

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20 Reads

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17 Citations

Public Personnel Management

Since the term was popularized in the 1980s, the “glass ceiling” has become a significant concept in the American workplace. The metaphor describes a reality in which women and minorities tend to be overrepresented at the lower levels of an organization, yet underrepresented at more senior levels. The research described in this paper shows the progress of women in the federal government's labor relations career field during the 1990s. Using government employment statistics from throughout the 1990s, the article shows that women in labor relations have made significant progress toward equity in both salary and level of management. At the same time, the data presented show that there remains substantial room for continued improvement.


Discrimination in the Ranks: An Empirical Study with Recommendations

September 2001

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53 Reads

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17 Citations

Police Quarterly

Successful recruitment and retention of qualified police officers is a primary concern of departments and supervisors. Employment discrimination is an onerous stress that negatively interferes with success. In this article, the authors discuss the legal concepts of employment discrimination, report the discrimination experiences of the officers in their research database, and make recommendations for confronting and preventing employment discrimination. The database includes numerous descriptive variables taken from employment discrimination claims field in Ohio during a 15-year period. It is the most complete database on employment discrimination in the United States.



Employment Discrimination Experiences of Registered Nurses

July 1996

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15 Reads

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1 Citation

JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration

Successful recruitment, retention, motivation, and satisfaction of nurses should be of primary concern to all employer organizations and supervisors. Employment discrimination is an onerous stress that negatively interferes with success. The authors discuss the legal concepts of employment discrimination, report the discrimination experiences of the nurses in their research project, and make recommendations for confronting and preventing employment discrimination.

Citations (5)


... PPM articles continued to research which jobs over-and underrepresented women in federal (Baker, Wendt, and Slonaker 2002) and state (Kim 2004) agencies. Other articles offered legal analyses in areas such as constructive discharge (Crumpacker and Crumpacker 2007) and breastfeeding (Peterson and Boller 2003). ...

Reference:

Women in Public Administration: An Integrative Review
An Analysis of Gender Equity in the Federal Labor Relations Career Field
  • Citing Article
  • December 2002

Public Personnel Management

... Women and racial/ethnic minority officers have recounted feeling othered and experiencing discriminatory and harassing behaviors while at work (Haarr & Morash, 1999;Walker, 1985). Despite increased use of diversity trainings and increased representation of minorities in policing, officers of color continue to experience pervasive discrimination in less overt ways (Bolton & Feagin, 2004;Loftus, 2008;Slonaker et al., 2001), stress related to mistreatment (Repasky et al., 2020), and often feel the need to suppress their identity and adopt the dominant police culture to fit in (Barron & Holdaway, 2016). Moreover, intersectional research on policing indicates that workplace discrimination takes various forms and creates othering experiences shaped by the intersection of various identities (race/ethnicity, gender, sexuality; Zempi, 2020). ...

Discrimination in the Ranks: An Empirical Study with Recommendations
  • Citing Article
  • September 2001

Police Quarterly

... The restaurant business in particular is a thriving and dynamic sector that is vital to both employment and the global economy. Nonetheless, the restaurant business is well-known for its high rate of staff turnover and dearth of qualified workers (Even and Macpherson, 2014;Slonaker et al., 2007). According to studies by Bufquin et al. (2018), Langove et al. (2022), and Lee & Liu (2021), As the gap between theory and practice has grown, it is imperative to eliminate the deficiency of conventional learning (Cheng et al., 2010;Rayter & Davlikanova, 2017;Salas et al., 2012). ...

Employment Discrimination in the Restaurant Industry

Cornell Hospitality Quarterly

... In this vein, studies have focused almost exclusively on downward movement from relatively privileged managerial and professional positions. Several studies, for instance, have documented the disproportionate vulnerability of African American men to downward mobility resulting from workplace transitions associated with the "new restructured economy," such as the decline of long-term contracts, the rise of at-will employment, the widespread adoption of laborreducing technology, and firm downsizing (Cappelli, 2000;Kalev & Dobbin, 2006;Slonaker, Wendt, & Williams, 2003). ...

African American males in the front door but out the back door: Monitor discharges

Equal Opportunities International

... • Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992): The Court ruled that students who had been subjected to sexual harassment in public schools may sue for monetary damages. • Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Serv., Inc. (1998) (Sincoff, Slonaker, & Wendt, 2006) o Employment References ...

Retaliation: The form of 21st century employment discrimination
  • Citing Article
  • February 2006

Business Horizons