Anita S. Tseng’s research while affiliated with Stanford University and other places

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Publications (2)


Epistemic vigilance, as defined by Sperber et al. (2010), consists of both being vigilant of the for peer review validity of claims, as well as vigilant of the quality and trustworthiness of the source. Researchers in educational psychology have conducted empirical work to investigate the importance of components of epistemic vigilance and ways to support learners in developing epistemic vigilance. Strategies to support students' vigilance of source quality include reliance on experts (Baram‐Tsabari & Osborne, 2015; Feinstein, 2011; Sharon & Baram‐Tsabari, 2020) and “sourcing” or evaluating the origin of claims (see Braasch & Bråten, 2017; Bråten, Stadtler & Salmerón, 2018; Bråten et al., 2019; Stadtler & Bromme, 2014; Stadtler et al., 2016, Wineburg and Stanford History Education Group, 2016; Wineburg & McGrew, 2019). Strategies to support students' vigilance of claims and their validity include plausibility reappraisals (Chinn & Buckland, 2012, Lombardi et al., 2018; Lombardi et al., 2013) and critique (the subject of the present study, see also Tseng, 2018)
Fighting “bad science” in the information age: The effects of an intervention to stimulate evaluation and critique of false scientific claims
  • Article
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May 2021

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79 Reads

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30 Citations

Anita S. Tseng

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Sade Bonilla

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With developments in technology (e.g., “Web 2.0” sites that allow users to author and create media content) and the removal of publication barriers, the quality of science information online now varies vastly. These changes in the review of published science information, along with increased facility of information distribution, have resulted in the spread of misinformation about science. As such, the role of evaluation when reading scientific claims has become a pressing issue when educating students. While recent studies have examined educational strategies for supporting evaluation of sources and plausibility of claims, there is little extant work on supporting students in critiquing the claims for flawed scientific reasoning. This study tested the efficacy of a structured reading support intervention for evaluation and critique on cultivating a critical awareness of flawed scientific claims in an online setting. We developed and validated a questionnaire to measure epistemic vigilance, implemented a large‐scale (N = 1081) Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) of an original reading activity that elicits evaluation and critique of scientific claims, and measured whether the intervention increased epistemic vigilance of misinformation. Our RCT results suggested a moderate effect in students who complied with the treatment intervention. Furthermore, analyses of heterogeneous effects suggested that the intervention effects were driven by 11th‐grade students and students who self‐reported a moderate trust in science and medicine. Our findings point to the need for additional opportunities and instruction for students on critiquing scientific claims and the nature of specific errors in scientific reasoning.

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Students and evaluation of web-based misinformation about vaccination: critical reading or passive acceptance of claims?

June 2018

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84 Reads

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40 Citations

International Journal of Science Education Part B

With the advent of Web 2.0 media, there is a greater prevalence of science misinformation available to the public. This issue is particularly problematic for novices who often believe that science in the media is factual and objective, even though an expected outcome of secondary education is to develop students’ abilities to critically evaluate information. By conducting cognitive Think Alouds and retrospective interviews with high school students, this study examined (1) their stances towards flawed claims in a Web media article about vaccination, (2) types of background knowledge used to make their assessments, and (3) responses when asked directly to critique the claims. Results of qualitative coding indicated that students who were most critical of the claims based their evaluation on knowledge of appropriate scientific reasoning and literacy skills. In contrast, students who accepted the claims relied on novice-level content knowledge, or a flawed understanding of scientific reasoning. Lastly, some students initially accepted the claims became critical in retrospect when explicitly asked to critique the article during the interview phase. Findings from this investigation suggest a need for more opportunities for students to critique science information, and a greater curricular emphasis on teaching evaluation skills and knowledge of valid scientific reasoning.

Citations (2)


... While it retains the analytical structure and evaluative clarity, it incorporates emerging educational imperatives through six interconnected aspects, each having unique descriptors, organized across cognitive (Aspects 1-3), affective (Aspects 3 and 5), and a newly integrated sustainability dimensions (Aspects 4 and 6). (2020) Highlights a four-stage model integrating socioscientific issues (SSI) into science education to foster critical thinking, ethical reasoning, emotional literacy, and sociopolitical activism, empowering students to address social justice and equity challenges Cavagnetto et al. (2020) Highlights fostering student agency through supportive environments, structured inquiry cycles, and active participation to enhance critical thinking, engagement, and the ability to tackle real-world scientific challenges Bellová et al. (2021) Emphasizes integrating hands-on activities and inquiry-based learning to improve attitudes toward science, fostering curiosity, collaboration, and problem-solving to enhance student engagement and motivation Tseng et al. (2021) Highlights fostering critical evaluation skills through critique-based reading activities to combat misinformation, emphasizing epistemic vigilance for developing informed, scientifically literate citizens in the digital age Pietrocola et al. (2021) Emphasizes integrating risk perception and"wicked problems"like pandemics and climate change into science education to foster critical thinking, informed decision-making, and responsible citizenship through ethical and interdisciplinary approaches Bateman et al. (2021) Emphasizes fostering"agential literacy"to prepare learners for sustainable futures by integrating equity, indigenous knowledge, and skills to navigate socio-environmental challenges in the Anthropocene Valladares (2021) Advocates for a transformative approach to SL (Vision-III), emphasizing social justice, equity, and empowerment. It calls for participatory, interdisciplinary education to address socio-environmental challenges and promote critical thinking and active engagement Holbrook et al. (2022) Advocates a"trans-contextualization"approach in science education, adding action-oriented phases to promote active citizenship, socio-scientific inquiry, and collaboration for sustainable solutions to societal challenges Lüsse et al. (2022) Highlights citizen science as a tool to enhance student motivation, scientific skills, and environmental awareness while bridging science and society. ...

Reference:

Reimagining Scientific Literacy: A Textbook Framework for Future-Focused Science Education
Fighting “bad science” in the information age: The effects of an intervention to stimulate evaluation and critique of false scientific claims

... This sense of QM "weirdness" has contributed to the advent of numerous unfounded, pseudoscientific, theories as, e.g., quantum-based medication or quantum channeling [11], which manipulate the real meaning of some QM concepts as, e.g., the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the wave function, or entanglement [12]. Therefore, as for pseudoscientific beliefs about vaccines [13], it would be important to investigate whether teaching and learning about QM may help students to identify unwarranted theories and false arguments that distort experimental evidence and misuse QM formal language. However, despite the space that QM is gaining in school curricula across the world [14], there is still very scarce evidence of how teachers and students deal with generic pseudoscientific claims about QM they encounter when navigating the internet and social media. ...

Students and evaluation of web-based misinformation about vaccination: critical reading or passive acceptance of claims?
  • Citing Article
  • June 2018

International Journal of Science Education Part B