Andreas Maos’s research while affiliated with Charles River Associates and other places

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Publications (1)


Figure 1. Estimates of biopharmaceutical R&D expenditure by sector and country, 2019. All figures in 2019 Euros (EUR) and rounded.
Figure 2. Percentages of public and private biopharmaceutical R&D expenditure, 2019. The total takes into account the levels of spending by each sector across the countries.
Figure 3. Comparison of estimates of biopharmaceutical R&D levels and percentages by country, 2019. Ordered by highest to lowest total aggregative spending. All figures in 2019 Euros (EUR) and rounded.
Figure 4. Expenditure on biopharmaceutical R&D by sector for Belgium, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, 2013-2019. Time-series data for each country acquired from the same sources as 2019 data. All figures in 2019 Euros (EUR) and rounded.
Quantifying public and private investment in European biopharmaceutical research and development
  • Article
  • Full-text available

May 2024

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31 Reads

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1 Citation

Health Affairs Scholar

Annabelle Fowler

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Kathleen Grieve

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Andreas Maos

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Tim Wilsdon

Robust biopharmaceutical research and development (R&D) ecosystems require investment from both the public and private sectors. In Europe, there is an interest in growing biopharmaceutical R&D given its contribution to public health and the economy, which requires an understanding of current public and private investment. In addition, recent European draft legislation has focused on the public sector's contributions to biopharmaceutical R&D to inform pharmaceutical prices. However, there is little empirical evidence on the specifics of public and private funding for medicine R&D in Europe. This paper performs aggregative data collection to quantify 2019 investment in biopharmaceutical R&D by the public and private sectors in 6 countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Norway, Poland, and the United Kingdom. We find that, across these countries, the private sector accounts for just under two-thirds of investment. We contrast results to those obtained using high-level R&D indicators from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and contextualize differences. We then provide 2013–2019 estimates for Belgium, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom (countries with data to support such analysis), and show that total spending grew over those years, although proportions attributable to each sector remained stable. These findings should provide further evidence for debates on policies to effectively grow the biopharmaceutical R&D sector.

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Citations (1)


... Most countries that invest more than the OECD average of GDP on R&D have a private sector to public sector ratio of over 2.5 to 1; for example, South Korea and the US have a ratio of 3.4 to 1 and 2.5 to 1, respectively, (9). For six European countries, it has been estimated that about two-thirds of investment in pharmaceutical innovation therein stems from the private sector (10). Some countries, however, can still rely proportionately more on public sector investments than private. ...

Reference:

Collaboration for new therapies: maximizing health and innovation
Quantifying public and private investment in European biopharmaceutical research and development

Health Affairs Scholar