Andrea Zamora-Silva’s research while affiliated with University of Bergen and other places

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Publications (8)


Figure 1. New classification of Aglajidae. Hypothesis based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of the combined genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and Histone-3. Figures on branches are posterior probabilities and bootstrap values (PP/BS). Outgroup taxa removed for clarity (see Fig. 2A, B). 
Figure 2. Molecular phylogeny of the family Aglajidae obtained by Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses based on the combined genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and Histone-3. Geographical localities of samples are shown in parentheses after voucher numbers. Sequences of Navanax and Mariaglaja sandrana from the same locality were removed because of size restrictions. Figures on branches are posterior probabilities and bootstrap values (PP/BS). 
Figure 2. Continued
Figure 3. Live images of the type species of all valid genera of Aglajidae. A, Aglaja tricolorata (Southern Portugal, photography by M. A. E. Malaquias). B, Biuve fulvipunctata (Kwajalein Atoll, photography by Jeanette Johnson). C, Camachoaglaja africana (São Miguel I., Azores, photography by M. A. E. Malaquias). D, Chelidonura hirundinina (Réunion Island, photography by Philibert Bidgrain). E, Mannesia sabadiega (Tenerife, Canary Is, photography by Manuel Caballer). F, Mariaglaja alexisi (the Philippines, photography by Sven Kahlbrock). G, Melanochlamys cylindrica (New Zealand, photography by Simon Franicevic). H, Nakamigawaia spiralis (the Philippines, photography by Philibert Bidgrain). I, Navanax inermis (California, USA, photography by Douglas Mason). J, Niparaya regiscorona (Maui, Hawaii, photography by Cory Pittman). K, Odontoglaja guamensis (Guam, photography by Jun Imamoto). L, Philinopsis speciosa (Réunion Island, photography by Philibert Bidgrain). M, Spinophallus coronata (Indo-West Pacific, photography by Nick Hobgood). N, Spinoaglaja petra (Bermuda, photography by Linda Ianiello). O, Tubulophilinopsis pilsbryi (Marshall Islands, photography by S. & J. Johnson). Copyright images are shared under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. 
Table 3 . Summary of the best-fit evolutionary models and parameters estimated in JModeltest

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Molecular phylogeny of the Aglajidae head-shield sea slugs (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea): new evolutionary lineages revealed and proposal of a new classification
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November 2017

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2,264 Reads

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39 Citations

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

Andrea Zamora-Silva

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Aglajidae is a family of predominantly colourful shallow water marine slugs widely distributed in coral, rocky and sandy habitats of tropical and temperate waters worldwide. The monophyly of the group is supported by morphological traits, but recent molecular phylogenetic studies questioned not only the monophyletic status of the family but also the definition of its traditional genera and relationships. Therefore, in order to test the monophyly of the family and of its genera and to elucidate internal sister relationships, we here present a new multilocus phylogenetic study based on Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of the largest ever assembled taxon and gene data sets of Aglajidae including 412 specimens from 63 species (74% of the global diversity) with representatives of type species of all genera and 835 DNA sequences of the gene markers COI, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and Histone-3. The genera Aglaja, Chelidonura, Odontoglaja and Philinopsis were confirmed as not monophyletic. Fifteen evolutionary lineages of generic status were recovered and seven are here described as new, namely Biuve, Camachoaglaja, Mannesia, Mariaglaja, Niparaya, Spinophallus and Tubulophilinopsis. The valid taxonomic status of Spinoaglaja is confirmed and Migaya is considered to be a junior synonym of Nakamigawaia. Our results support the hypothesis that events of radula loss or gain have happened independently at least twice in the evolutionary history of Aglajidae, but lack of node support in the deeper parts of our tree obscured inference on the sister relationships of genera. A new classification for Aglajidae is proposed and diagnostic features for all 15 genera are given. © 2017 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

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The Suez Canal as a revolving door for marine species: A reply to Galil et al. (2016)

January 2017

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663 Reads

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1 Citation

Aquatic Invasions

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Andrea Zamora-Silva

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[...]

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In this reply, we address the criticism directed recently to our work (Malaquias et al. 2016) by Galil et al. (2016) dismissing the hypothesis that the Suez Canal can act as a revolving door allowing marine species to move both ways between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. We reiterate that the presence in the Red Sea of the Indo-West Pacific sea slug Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938 is most parsimoniously explained by an invasion from the Mediterranean and highlight several recent studies combing morphology and molecular phylogenetics where established views about the presence of alien Indo-Pacific / Red Sea species in the Mediterranean were proven wrong. Caution is suggested when assuming the conspecificity of species between these realms based solely on external features.


Figure 1. Diversity of coloration of phenotypes of Chelidonura fulvipunctata used in the present study. A, Mozambique (ZMBN94192; GenBank: KU183994, KU183995; photo credit: M.A.E. Malaquias). B, Marshall Is. (ZMBN106814; GenBank: KU183999; photo credit: S. Johnson and J. Johnson). C, Italy (ZMBN106845; GenBank KU184001; photo credit: A. Spinelli). D, Italy (ZMBN106844; GenBank: KU183997; photo credit: S.D. Matteo). E, Italy (ZMBN106843; GenBank: KU184000; photo credit: S.D. Matteo). F, Cyprus (MNCN/ADN:86334; GenBank: KU183998; photo credit: M. Poddubetskaia).  
Figure 2. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on the COI mitochondrial gene. Figures above branches are posterior probabilities. Coloured square highlights the cluster of specimens of Chelidonura fulvipunctata. Species names are followed by geographic origin of samples and GenBank Accession numbers.
Figure 3. Results of the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analysis showing the 14 partitions recovered (initial and recursive). Nearly all partitions suggested the existence of 11 species (= No of groups) with all representatives of C. fulvipunctata rendered monospecific. Only recursive partitions rendered a higher number of species (13) when P values were ≤ 0.0028.
Figure 4. Distribution of Chelidonura fulvipunctata in the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. Dates refer to the years when specimens were observed and/or collected.  
(we consider the occurrence of this species in Lebanon not confirmed based on Crocetta et al. 2013). *Geographical coordinates estimated based on sampling locations mentioned in original articles.
The Mediterranean Sea as a gateway for invasion of the Red Sea: the case of the Indo-West Pacific head-shield slug Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938

April 2016

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1,318 Reads

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19 Citations

Aquatic Invasions

The number of tropical species established in the Mediterranean Sea has risen at an unprecedented rate in the last 40–50 years, often entering the basin from the Red Sea and to a lesser extent by shipping or mariculture. The taxonomic identity of these alien species can be difficult to determine and DNA barcoding can help to clarify the status of questionable species. One of these cases is the W-shaped mark Aglajidae slug usually identified as being the Indo-West Pacific species Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938 but was first described in the Mediterranean Sea as a native species under the name C. mediterranea Swennen, 1961. A Bayesian phylogeny using the barcode marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and an ABGD species delimitation analysis unequivocally showed that specimens from the eastern and central Mediterranean Sea are conspecific with specimens from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In this work, we hypothesize that C. fulvipunctata (presently occurring in the entire Mediterranean Sea and Indo-West Pacific; only once recorded in the Red Sea) has entered the Red Sea through the Mediterranean Sea. Thus the Red Sea can also be a receiver of tropical species that have arrived in the Mediterranean by other routes than Lessepsian immigration, with the Suez Canal acting as a “revolving door” allowing both species of Indo-Pacific origin to enter the Mediterranean and species established in the Mediterranean resilient to tropical/subtropical environmental conditions to move into the Red Sea.


Fig. 1. Diagrammatic representation of the digestive system in Aglajidae and SEM image of the radula of Odontoglaja guamensis : (A) massive buccal bulb of Aglaja, Melanochlamys, Navanax and Philinopsis ; (B) tubular buccal bulb variation of Philinopsis ; (C) reduced buccal bulb in Chelidonura, Nakamigawaia and Odontoglaja ; (D) radula of O. guamensis . (m) mouth; (bb) buccal bulb; (sg) salivary glands; (oe) oesophagus; (g) gut; (dg) digestive gland; (a) anus. Scale bar: 100 m m. 
Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of food items found in the digestive tract of Aglajidae specimens: (A) residues of foraminiferans in Aglaja felis ZMBN 84913; (B) valve of Nuculidae bivalve in Chelidonura fulvipunctata WAM S80134; (C) jaws of Facelinidae nudibranch in Philinopsis depicta ZMBM 94031; (D) radula of Facelinidae nudibranch in Philinopsis depicta ZMBM 94031; (E) detail of radula of Facelinidae nudibranch in Philinopsis depicta ZMBM 94031; (F) shell of Haminoea sp. in Philinopsis taronga NMVF K02; (G) gizzard plates of Haminoea sp. in Philinopsis taronga NMVF K02. Scale bars A and E: 200 m m; B and F: 100 m m; C, D, and G: 20 m m. 
Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of food items found in the digestive tract of Aglajidae specimens: (A) shell of Bulla punctulata in Navanax inermis CNMO 1818; (B) radula of B. punctulata in Navanax inermis CNMO 1818; (C) gizzard plates of B. punctulata in Navanax inermis CNMO 1818; (D) shell of Philine sp. in Odontoglaja guamensis ZMBM 94030; (E) gizzard plates of Philine sp. in Odontoglaja guamensis ZMBM 94030; (F) Aciculata polychaete in Melanochlamys diomedea USNM 771859; (G) detail of the parapodia of Aciculata polychaetes in Melanochlamys diomedea USNM 771859. Scale bars A: 1 mm; B, C and D: 200 m m; E and G: 20 m m; F: 100 m m. 
Table 3 . Synoptic table of the diet preferences and buccal bulb features in the Aglajidae genera.
Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of food items found in the digestive tract of Aglajidae specimens: (A) Kynorhyncha sp. in Melanochlamys diomedea USNM 771859; (B) ?exoskeleton of Isopoda in Odontoglaja guamensis ZMBM 94030; (C) Enoploidea nematodes in Melanochlamys diomedea USNM 771859; (D) detail of the mouth of the nematodes in Melanochlamys diomedea USNM 771859; (E) ?fragment of a spicule of Holothuria in Odontoglaja guamensis ZMBM 94030; (F) complete specimen of Gobiidae fish in Navanax inermis CNMO 1818. Scale bars A: 20 m m; B: 30 m m: C and E: 100 m m; D: 10 m m, F: 5 mm. 
Diet preferences of the Aglajidae: a family of cephalaspidean gastropod predators on tropical and temperate shores

August 2015

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412 Reads

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15 Citations

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK

Aglajidae is a family of tropical and temperate marine Cephalaspidea gastropod slugs regarded as active predators. In order to better understand their food habits and trophic interactions, we have studied the diet of all genera through the examination of gut contents. Specimens were dissected for the digestive tract and gut contents were removed and identified by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Our results confirmed that carnivory is the only feeding mode in aglajids and showed a sharp preference for vagile prey (94% of food items). We suggest that the interaction between crawling speed, presence of sen-sorial structures capable of detecting chemical signals from prey, and unique features of the digestive system (e.g. lack of radula, eversion of the buccal bulb, thickening of gizzard walls) led aglajid slugs to occupy a unique trophic niche among cephalaspideans, supporting the hypothesis that dietary specialization played a major role in the adaptive radiation of Cephalaspidea gastropods.


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Nuevos registros de opistobranquios en el Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano, México

June 2012

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400 Reads

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20 Citations

REVISTA MEXICANA DE BIODIVERSIDAD

Resumen. Diversos trabajos se han realizado sobre la riqueza y abundancia de moluscos en los arrecifes del litoral costero del golfo de México, pero éstos se han enfocado principalmente en el conocimiento de las especies de gasterópodos prosobranquios y bivalvos y sólo se han registrado 6 especies de opistobranquios de este ecosistema. En este trabajo se presenta una lista de 23 especies de opistobranquios del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano, que es un complejo de 23 formaciones coralinas ubicadas en la costa del estado de Veracruz en el golfo de México. La lista incluye 9 registros nuevos e imágenes de varias de las especies aquí citadas. Palabras clave: Veracruz, opistobranquios, sistemática, nuevos registros. Abstract. Several studies have been conducted on the richness and abundance of molluscs in the coastal coral reefs of the Gulf of Mexico since 1960's, but these have focused mainly on knowledge of prosobranch gastropods and bivalves species, while only 6 species of opisthobranchs have been registered for this ecosystem. In this paper we present a list of 23 species of opisthobranchs from the Veracruz Reef System National Park, a complex of 23 coral formations located on the coast of Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico. The list includes 9 new records, a systematic arrangement and pictures of several of the species mentioned here.


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New opisthobranch records in the Veracruz Reef System National Park, Mexico

June 2012

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111 Reads

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2 Citations

REVISTA MEXICANA DE BIODIVERSIDAD

Several studies have been conducted on the richness and abundance of molluscs in the coastal coral reefs of the Gulf of Mexico since 1960's, but these have focused mainly on knowledge of prosobranch gastropods and bivalves species, while only 6 species of opisthobranchs have been registered for this ecosystem. In this paper we present a list of 23 species of opisthobranchs from the Veracruz Reef System National Park, a complex of 23 coral formations located on the coast of Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico. The list includes 9 new records, a systematic arrangement and pictures of several of the species mentioned here.


Los opistobranquios de la Colección Nacional de Moluscos

December 2008

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137 Reads

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15 Citations

REVISTA MEXICANA DE BIODIVERSIDAD

The taxonomic list of opisthobranchs deposited at the National Mollusk Collection (CNMO) of the Institute of Biology (National Autonomous University of Mexico) is presented. It includes 170 specimens in 21 species in 13 genera and 10 families from the Mexican states of Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Campeche, in addition to some foreign localities. Specimens come from various research projects, other institutions or were donated by private individuals. The geographic range of Navanax inermis (Cooper, 1863) is extended to coastal region of Jalisco, México.


The opisthobranchs at the National Mollusk Collection

December 2008

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7 Reads

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7 Citations

REVISTA MEXICANA DE BIODIVERSIDAD

The taxonomic list of opisthobranchs deposited at the National Mollusk Collection (CNMO) of the Institute of Biology (National Autonomous University of Mexico) is presented. It includes 170 specimens in 21 species in 13 genera and 10 families from the Mexican states of Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Campeche, in addition to some foreign localities. Specimens come from various research projects, other institutions or were donated by private individuals. The geographic range of Navanax inermis (Cooper, 1863) is extended to coastal region of Jalisco, México.

Citations (6)


... Specimens were identified to the lowest possible taxon primarily using the field guide by Valdés et al. (2006) and the papers by Collin et al. (2005) and Goodheart et al. (2016) as well as taxonomically specialized literature for nomenclatural and taxonomic updates (e.g., Bazzicalupo et al., 2020;Camacho-García and Gosliner, 2008;Carmona et al. 2014;Ghanimi et al., 2020;Goodheart et al., 2015;Krug et al., 2016;Padula et al., 2016;Turani et al., 2024;Zamora-Silva and Malaquias, 2018). The species documented were organized into five different clades (orders): Anaspidea, Cephalaspidea, Nudibranchia, Pleurobranchomorpha, and Sacoglossa. ...

Reference:

New contributions to the heterobranch sea slug biodiversity of Bocas del Toro, Panama
Molecular phylogeny of the Aglajidae head-shield sea slugs (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea): new evolutionary lineages revealed and proposal of a new classification

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

... The overlap between The Medi-terranean Sea and the Suez Canal clusters (Fig. 3) and the nonsignificant difference between them in the Permanova test shows the high degree of similarity between them. This conclusion ensures that the Suez Canal acts as a revolving door, as some marine species may take the route of anti-Lessepsian migration (Malaquias et al., 2017). ...

The Suez Canal as a revolving door for marine species: A reply to Galil et al. (2016)

Aquatic Invasions

... This area experiences intense maritime traffic, and is undergoing a period of rapid demographic growth and urban development (e.g., Chalastani et al., 2020;NEOM, 2024). Since the opening of the Suez Canal, this basin has been a transit area between the Indo-Pacific basin and the Mediterranean Sea (e.g., Goren and Klausewitz, 1978;Malaquias et al., 2016;Fernandez et al., 2022). Despite this, research specifically focused on NIS in the Red Sea remains considerably scarce (Aylagas et al., 2024). ...

The Mediterranean Sea as a gateway for invasion of the Red Sea: the case of the Indo-West Pacific head-shield slug Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938

Aquatic Invasions

... Aglajids, including members of the Chelidonura genus, detect these mucus trails using specialised sensory organs, allowing them to hunt down mobile prey and feed on it by ingesting it whole as they lack a radula (Paine, 1963;Rudman, 1978;Kohn et al., 1983;Davies and Blackwell, 2007;Ng et al., 2013). Notably, observations have indicated that Chelidonura species prefer epifaunal organisms, including flatworms, slugs, and shelled gastropods (Silva and Malaquias, 2016). This dietary preference highlights the selective feeding behaviour of Chelidonura, emphasising their ecological role as predators within marine ecosystems. ...

Diet preferences of the Aglajidae: a family of cephalaspidean gastropod predators on tropical and temperate shores

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK

... Distribución: desde las aguas templadas al norte del océano Atlántico hasta las costas del sur de Brasil, incluidos el golfo de México y el mar Caribe en países como Costa Rica, Venezuela, Aruba y Bermudas (Zamora-Silva & Naranjo- García, 2008;OBIS, 2021). En Colombia esta especie se ha registrado en el PNNT y el golfo de Morrosquillo (Ardila et al., 2007). ...

Los opistobranquios de la Colección Nacional de Moluscos

REVISTA MEXICANA DE BIODIVERSIDAD

... Honduras (Caviedes et al., 2019), Panamá (Goodheart et al., 2016), golfo de México (De la Cruz-Francisco et al., 2017a;Ortigosa et al., 2015;Rodríguez-Muñoz et al., 2023: Sanvicente-Añorve et al., 2012bVital et al., 2015;. Ortigosa, 2012), por lo que ahora representan nuevos registros para el litoral norte de Veracruz. Respecto a O. floridana, este hallazgo es relevante, ya que solo se tenían registros para las costas de Florida (Dall, 1885;Marcus,1978), distribución que ha sido validada recientemente por Goulding et al. (2022), por lo tanto, este trabajo extiende su rango de distribución hacia el sur del golfo de México. ...

Nuevos registros de opistobranquios en el Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano, México

REVISTA MEXICANA DE BIODIVERSIDAD