André van Stel's research while affiliated with Trinity College Dublin and other places

... In Ghana, similar to low-income countries, self-employment rates influence informal entrepreneurship (Dana, 2007;Laing et al., 2021). Self-employed individuals see themselves as entrepreneurs (Dana, 2007, p. 162). ...

... Other scholars (Bögenhold, 2019;van Stel and van der Zwan, 2019;Dvouletý, 2020;Van Stel et al., 2021) also confirm the heterogeneous nature of self-employed individuals regarding income level, occupation, education, dependency and security level. ...

... We control for a large set of factors that are known to influence working time quality and stress at work, namely educational attainment, job-related aspects (tenure, net monthly earnings) and some demographic indicators (gender, immigrant, age, health status) as well as information at the household level (family structure, household ability to make ends meet) (see e.g., Berg, Kalleberg and Appelbaum, 2003;Batt and Valcour, 2003;White, Hill, McGovern, Mills and Smeaton, 2003;Sturges and Guest, 2004;Dex and Bond, 2005;Russell, O'Connell and McGinnity, 2009;Abendroth and Dulk 2011;Stephan et al., 2020). We also control for ICT use at work, which may serve as an efficiency-enhancing driver of business agility and performance (Millán, Lyalkov, Burke, Millán and Van Stel, 2021;Barrientos-Marín, Fu, Millán and Van Stel, 2021) and can also increase the working time quality of individuals and business owners. With regard to gender, prior research has argued that women are more likely to be responsible for more childcare time (O'Brien, 2005), domestic labor (Tang and Cousins, 2005), housework (Tower and Alkadry, 2008), and emotional and physical support to partners, children, and parents (Strazdins and Broom, 2004). ...

... Interestingly, financial stress significantly and positively affects the financial well-being of the respondents. Generally, financial stress weakens financial well-being and negatively affects well-being (Berrill et al., 2021). ...

... There is convincing evidence that many freelancers also have regular jobs (Bögenhold, 2019a;Bögenhold and Klinglmair, 2017;Shevchuk and Strebkov, 2015) and increasingly use online platforms to obtain additional income (Huws et al., 2017). Another group of freelancers, often neglected in the literature on the gig economy, are in the process of starting their own business with hired employees (Shevchuk and Strebkov, 2017;van Stel et al., 2020). Moreover, freelance work may take on a different status in an individual's work biography and people may have various career intentions. ...

... The emerging digital transformation phenomenon has affected businesses, organizations and their supply chains (Mariani and Fosso Wamba, 2020). Previous studies have provided extensive pieces of evidence about the disruptive effects that new advanced technologies can trigger at the strategic level (Urbinati et al., 2019) and in business practices, processes, models and values (Appio et al., 2021;Guenzi and Habel, 2020;Klein et al., 2020;Ruzza et al., 2020;Secinaro et al., 2022a) as well as at a business performance level (Millán et al., 2021). ...

... Education has an impact on the number of workers as well. van Stel et al. [10] and Liu et al. [11] utilize education to explain women's employment and also demonstrate that educated women make more money, which boosts overall expenditure. Promoting women's rights and making it simpler for them to access resources and education can boost economic development. ...

... Relatedly, there is evidence of the importance of the institutional environment when doing business (Džunić and Golubović 2018;Dreher, Kotsogiannis and McCorriston 2009;Djankov et al. 2002). In a survey on the effects of corruption on the South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Volume 17 (2) 2022 establishment of new businesses in Serbia, the respondents were the owners of SMEs, and 60% of them admitted to engaging in corrupt behaviors when starting a business (Ivanović-Djukić et al. 2019). In a study of businesspeople's perspectives on corruption in the business sector, as well as on the governments' role in fighting corruption in the Western Balkans (Serbia included) the results showed that businesspeople from the whole region perceive corruption as a negative phenomenon that needs to be dealt with, firstly through government-led measures and actions, but also by the actions of individuals and private organizations (Budak and Rajh 2014). ...

... Many of the papers in this strand of literature focus on the dynamic evolutionary themes of Schumpeterian creative destruction (Fok et al., 2019;Carree et al., 2002;Vega-Redondo, 1996), or Darwinian selection (Van Ewijk, 1997;Arkolakis, 2016). Several papers base themselves on the theory of Nelson and Winter's (1982) Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change (Webber et al., 1992;Luo, 2009). ...

... If regular workers can rely on their employer, self-employed workers must usually rely on their skills (Menger, 2017). While the quality of self-employment in a country is often associated to the country's wealth or its investment in R&D (Burke et al., 2021), self-employed workers usually report higher levels of stress due to job instability (Bencsik and Chuluun, 2021). Below, we show that the range of functionings observed in the context of work can differ between regular and self-employed workers according to the institutional framework of reference. ...