Ana María Castillo-González’s research while affiliated with Chapingo Autonomous University and other places
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Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) fruit has a high demand worldwide for its organoleptic and nutraceutical properties that are beneficial to human health. Colored shade nets alter the light quality reaching plants, influencing specific physiological reactions and the phytochemical composition of fruits. The present study aimed to investigate how different photoselective shade nets (black, 288 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); blue, 429 PAR; green, 271 PAR; and beige, 519 PAR) affect the physical and biochemical quality of strawberry fruits cv. Albion. The study was conducted in a glass greenhouse in the spring-winter season of 2022. Strawberry seedlings were placed in 5-L containers in an open soilless system. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with four treatments and a control (973 PAR), with nine replicates; the experimental unit consisted of one plant per pot. The concentration of total soluble sugars, total soluble solids (TSS), phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated; as well as titratable acidity (TA), pH, and TSS/TA ratio. The results showed that the fruit’s response was influenced by the color of the net. Fruits from plants grown under the blue and beige nets had 42 % higher total soluble sugars, while those under blue nets had 86 % more anthocyanins compared to the control plants. TSS values were similar in the control fruits and blue and beige nets. The fruits harvested from the beige net showed an increase of 24 % in TA and 4 % more phenolic compounds than the control. The blue and beige nets could serve as an alternate production strategy to enhance the physical and biochemical parameters of strawberry fruits.
Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) has been placed successfully in the global fruit market due to its exotic appearance and pleasant flavor; however, its short postharvest life has limited its marketing in national and international markets. The postharvest life and final quality of fruits depend on the state of maturity in which the fruit is harvested, as well on the storage conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the postharvest behavior of pitahaya fruits (H. ocamponis) harvested during two states of maturity (pre-consumer and consumption maturity), stored at 6 ± 1°C and 22 ± 3 °C for 24 days. The color, firmness, epicarp thickness, weight loss, soluble solids, total soluble sugars, betalains, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity showed significant changes during the storage period. The preserved fruits at room temperature maintained their firmness and color of the epicarp, content of soluble solids, soluble sugars and betalains during 9 days of storage, but from the 16th day, they showed rottenness and degradation of epicarp betalains. In contrast, the stored fruits in refrigeration presented a lower weight loss, greater firmness, and epicarp thickness, reaching 24 days of shelf life. The antioxidant activity was greater in the pulp of the stored fruits at 22 °C, due to an apparent higher betalains concentration associated with greater water loss in the fruit.
El chile habanero es una de las especies hortícolas de mayor importancia en la península de Yucatán y la producción de plántula es la parte crucial inicial para una producción exitosa de frutos. Estas se podrían cultivar en ambiente controlado con iluminación LED y permitiría producirse en cualquier época del año libres de plagas y enfermedades. Los objetivos fue evaluar el efecto de cinco proporciones de luz LED azul:roja y un testigo fluorescente sobre crecimiento de planta y concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en plántulas de chile habanero ‘Mayan Ba’alché’ bajo condiciones controladas de crecimiento. Los resultados mostraron que el testigo promovió el desarrollo de la hoja, a través de una mayor área foliar, índice de área foliar, área foliar específica, peso fresco de hoja y con una menor frecuencia estomática y diámetro de tallo, mientras el tratamiento A100 promovió el desarrollo del tallo, a través de una mayor altura de planta, distancia de entrenudos y peso fresco de tallo. La combinación de luz azul y roja indujo un efecto negativo en altura de plántula, distancia de entrenudos y peso fresco de tallo. Los tratamientos no tuvieron efecto en el peso seco de la parte aérea y en los pigmentos fotosintéticos.
La combinación de diodos emisores de luz (LEDs) rojos y azules es una fuente de luz efectiva para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. Diversas especies del género Lilium son valoradas como flores de corte, pero la información que se tiene del efecto de la calidad de la luz sobre su crecimiento es aún muy escasa y es necesario determinar el espectro de luz óptimo que permita obtener características deseables. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el crecimiento de Lilium spp. ‘Corvara’, con iluminación LED. La proporción de luces LED roja y azul en cada tratamiento fue: 20:80 (R4B); 40:60 (2R3B); 60:40 (3R2B); 80:20 (4RB) y el testigo (W) con 100% de luz blanca. Todos los tratamientos tuvieron una radiación fotosintéticamente activa de 90 ±10 μmol m-2 s-1 durante un fotoperiodo de 14 h. El trabajo se realizó en Chapingo, México en 2019 y 2020. Los resultados mostraron que con la iluminación del tratamiento 2R3B se registró la menor cantidad de días a madurez de cosecha (91 días) y las plantas de menor altura (83 cm). Respecto al testigo se lograron incrementos en las siguientes variables: con el tratamiento R4B, área foliar 26% y color de tépalos 13% en la variable Croma; con 3R2B la vida en florero 6%, con 4RB, altura de plantas 21%, diámetro de flor 5% y el número de días a madurez fue 16. Se concluye que la proporción de la luz roja y azul modifica el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas de Lilium spp. ‘Corvara’.
El chile habanero es el cultivo hortícola de mayor importancia económica en la península de Yucatán. Este podría desarrollarse en ambiente controlado con iluminación LED y permitiría tener una producción continua, con un aumento exponencial de rendimiento y estar libre de plagas y enfermedades. Los objetivos fueron evaluar el efecto de cinco proporciones de luz LED azul:roja y un testigo fluorescente sobre crecimiento en planta, concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos, compuestos fenólicos y nutrimental en hoja; germinación de polen, grosor de hoja, anatomía de ovario y antera de chile habanero ‘Mayan Ba’alché’ bajo condiciones controladas de crecimiento. Los resultados mostraron que los tratamientos no indujeron un efecto en crecimiento de planta. La luz roja favoreció el rendimiento de frutos y frecuencia estomática. La luz roja monocromática favoreció la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos, Mg y Mn e indujo menor concentración de P y Cu. La luz azul monocromática favoreció la concentración de compuestos fenólicos. El testigo indujo mayor concentración de K entre algunos tratamientos LED e incrementó la germinación de polen y el grosor de hoja al igual que la luz azul monocromática. La anatomía de los óvulos en ovarios y el polen en anteras no presentaron ningún efecto por los tratamientos.
We tested two sources of lanthanum (La), LaCl 3 and La(NO 3) 3 × 6H 2 O at a concentration of 40 µM each, in the treatment solution of cut flowers of 15 tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cultivars. Ascorbic acid (AsA; 0.2 g/L) was used as a reference solution, while distilled water was evaluated as an absolute control. With both La sources, bud length and diameter, and stem length were increased; as a result, stem curvature was also significantly increased with La treatments. The cultivars Laura Fygi and Rosario registered the highest relative stem elongation. Lalibela and Acropolis displayed the greatest stem curvature on the last day in vase. At 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days after cutting, the highest solution uptake was recorded in flower stems treated with LaCl 3 , surpassing the control by 5, 11, 15, 18 and 24%, respectively. The relative stem elongations observed were 21.3, 27.4, 35.2 and 35.5% in the control, AsA, LaCl 3 and La(NO 3) 3 , respectively. The mean solution uptake per gram of stem fresh biomass weight was 1.44, 1.44, 1.71 and 1.54 mL in the control, AsA, LaCl 3 and La(NO 3) 3 , respectively. LaCl 3 significantly increased the bud length and solution uptake of flower stems, while La(NO 3) 3 × 6H 2 O increased stem fresh weight. A preservative solution is used to control ethylene synthesis and microbial proliferation, maintaining an adequate water and respiratory balance as well as the color of petals, while boosting the antioxidant system and inducing opening of the floral buds 1. Importantly, management of cut flowers in preservative solutions helps keep the stems for longer periods of time, and thus prolongs the vase life of flowers 2. These solutions mainly include sugars, acidifiers and germicides, while other compounds may also be added to induce antioxidant responses 3,4. In order to test the individual effect of a novel compound, treatment solutions have a simpler composition than preservative ones. Once the beneficial effect of such a compound is experimentally demonstrated, it can be incorporated into a prepared preservative or holding/vase solution. In terms of postharvest handling and preservation of cut flowers, L-ascorbic acid (AsA) has been proved not only to act as an important antioxidant, but has also been linked to developmental senescence and programmed cell death through a complex signal transduction network 5. Consequently, AsA has been used successfully in postharvest management of different cut flowers 5,6. In cut lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum [Raf.] Shinn) flowers, stems exposed to 200 mg/L AsA exhibited the maximum solution uptake and the highest dry matter weight 6 , while with 300 mg/L AsA flowers displayed the longest vase life and highest petal water content 7. Beneficial elements can also retard senescence and preserve cut flowers 8. Among them, lanthanum (La) can be incorporated into the vase solution during postharvest handling of cut flowers, though its biological functions and effects on tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) have been little studied 9. Lanthanum belongs to the Lanthanides (Ln 3+), which are affiliated to the Rare Earth Elements (REE). The 17 chemical elements that make up the REE group have similar chemical and physical properties 10. The symbol Ln 3+ is often used as a generic representation of Lanthanides since they typically have trivalent oxidation states. Generally, the parent materials have REE compositions ranging from 0.1 to 100 mg/kg 11. Considering the chemical properties of La and the physiological effects it causes in higher plants, La 3+ may display similar functions to those of Ca 2+ and K +12. For instance, in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the application of La increased the number of flowers 13 , which may be correlated with increased endogenous concentrations of cytokinins (important components of floral stimuli in plants) 14 .
Abstract We tested two sources of lanthanum (La), LaCl3 and La(NO3)3 × 6H2O at a concentration of 40 µM each, in the treatment solution of cut flowers of 15 tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cultivars. Ascorbic acid (AsA; 0.2 g/L) was used as a reference solution, while distilled water was evaluated as an absolute control. With both La sources, bud length and diameter, and stem length were increased; as a result, stem curvature was also significantly increased with La treatments. The cultivars Laura Fygi and Rosario registered the highest relative stem elongation. Lalibela and Acropolis displayed the greatest stem curvature on the last day in vase. At 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days after cutting, the highest solution uptake was recorded in flower stems treated with LaCl3, surpassing the control by 5, 11, 15, 18 and 24%, respectively. The relative stem elongations observed were 21.3, 27.4, 35.2 and 35.5% in the control, AsA, LaCl3 and La(NO3)3, respectively. The mean solution uptake per gram of stem fresh biomass weight was 1.44, 1.44, 1.71 and 1.54 mL in the control, AsA, LaCl3 and La(NO3)3, respectively. LaCl3 significantly increased the bud length and solution uptake of flower stems, while La(NO3)3 × 6H2O increased stem fresh weight.
Blackberry (Rubus spp.) is a crop of socioeconomic importance in Mexico,
and its fruits have high nutritional value. However, there is little information
on the effect of salinity on this crop, so this research focused on the impact
of salinity on growth, yield, proline content in the root, and fruit quality
of blackberry cv. Tupy. Plants were sowed in 19 L pots with tezontle (red
volcanic rock) (2 to 3 mm) and were watered with a nutrient solution using
an open hydroponic system. The treatments were saline nutrient solutions
with electrical conductivities (CE) of 2.0 (control), 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, and
3.0 dS m-1, applied daily from 45 weeks after transplant until fruiting. Yield,
plant dry weight, diameter of the cane, number of fruits, total chlorophyll
concentration, and carotenoids content were reduced by 60, 30, 24, 54, 50 and 46 %, respectively, and the concentration of proline in the root increased
by 122 % with 3.0 dS m-1. Conductivities from 2.6 to 3.0 dS caused a decrease
in weight, length, and diameter of the fruit by 16, 11, and 6.9 %, respectively.
The roundness index was 6 % lower with 3.0 dS, and only the 2.8 dS m-1
conductivity increased fruit firmness by 11 %. The remaining treatments and
control had statistically similar values. With 3.0 dS m-1, total soluble sugars of
the fruit decreased by 50 %, titratable acidity and total soluble solids increased
by 22 % and 8 %, the concentration of phenols and flavonoids was 25 and 29
% lower, while the antioxidant capacity and the inhibition percentage were 21
and 18 % higher respectively. The anthocyanin concentration was 95 % higher,
with conductivities of 2.2 to 2.8 dS.
We evaluated the effect of separately adding two sources of lanthanum (La), LaCl3 and La(NO3)3 × 6H2O at a concentration of 40 µM each, to the preservative solution of 15 cut tulip flower varieties. Ascorbic acid (AsA; 0.2 g/L) was used as a reference solution, while distilled water was used as control. The variety Laura Fygi recorded the longest vase life with 13 days. The highest water consumption per gram of stem fresh biomass weight (FBW) (2.5 mL) was observed in the variety Violet Beauty, whereas the lowest (1.098 mL) was recorded in Pink Impression. At the end of the vase life period, higher concentrations of total soluble sugars in petals and total soluble proteins in leaves were recorded in La-treated stems, compared to the AsA treatment and the control. Additionally, La(NO3)3 × 6H2O supply increased the fresh weight of stems in vase and prolonged vase life. Moreover, this treatment resulted in the highest foliar concentration of chlorophylls at the end of vase life. Therefore, La increases tulip flower vase life as a consequence of improving the concentrations of some vital biomolecules.
We studied the effect of foliar applications (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2
and 1.6g·l-1) of boron on the concentrations of B, carbohydrates and total soluble amino acids in the leaf and on the thickness of the cell walls of buds in 2.5-year-old avocado cv.
Hass trees. Penetration of foliar B application (0.8g·l-1) occurred, but due to the natural fluorescence of the leaf, it was not possible to distinguish the path that the fertilizer followed,
nor the time needed for absorption. The increasing levels of
B applied in three successive occasions with 20 days intervals
did not affect the concentration of this element in leaves, sam pled 15 days after the application. There was no effect of B on the concentration of carbohydrates. After the second sampling, there was a positive relationship between the concentration of
B applied and the amino acids concentration. Boron increased
the cell wall thickness of the buds; 1.2 and 1.6g·l-1 doses increased cell wall thickness in the cortex by 66% and 84% respectively, while in the pith this increase was 71% and 77%,
respectively, compared with the control. Based on the enhanced
cell wall thickness observed, a concentration of B at 1.2g·l-1 is
recommended for foliar application in avocado cv. Hass trees.
... We can link the biostimulant response to root growth to a large number of nutrients present not only due to the presence of pectin. Furthermore, the length of the roots can be related to the content of flavonoids in pectin that improves the availability of nitric oxide, which directly affects the stem cells responsible for plant root growth [51][52][53][54]. The development of the new culture medium (T3) from Opuntia and its operating efficiency suggested producing a functional substrate for the optimal growth of orchid species, without modifying the chemical composition or the nutriment requirements for toe orchid growth. ...
... En general, estos resultados tienen importantes implicaciones prácticas para la producción agrícola y la conservación de especies con uso potencial, ya que pueden ayudar a mejorar la eficiencia de la germinación de semillas de Capsicum chinense var. ojo de pez (Mendoza et al., 2021;Ospina et al., 2022;Rojas et al., 2020) ...
... Therefore, our findings clearly demonstrated that Y(NO 3 ) 3 reduced the membrane lipid peroxidation of the petals through the whole enzymatic antioxidant system. Osmolytes play vital roles in preserving the water balance, such as SP, SS, and PRO (Lu et al. 2020;Gómez-Merino et al. 2020a, 2020bZhang et al. 2023). Shan, Zhao (2015) indicated that the REE La increased the SP, SS, and PRO contents, which further improved the RWC and extended the longevity of cut lilies. ...
... One of the most important problems in today's agricultural production, salinity, also poses a serious problem in berry production, and many scientific studies in the literature have sought solutions to this problem [7,8]. Boysenberry is considered a salt-sensitive plant because of its ability to tolerate increased salt concentrations in the cytosol [9]. ...
... It was reported that excessive water loss has a strong relationship with higher transpiration rates, and these two processes, along with vascular occlusion by bacteria or fungi, can lead to flower withering (Sun et al. 2001). Ascending transpiration and a subsequent decrease in the vase life of flowers can also occur due to mishandling at various stages, including during harvesting, sorting, storage, and transportation, as well as physical damage (Gómez-Merino et al. 2020). ...
... An apparent decrease in firmness could be due to the softening of the cell wall and the maturation activities related to enzymes such as pectin methyl esterase, where the activities of these enzymes could be delayed by ZnO NPs applications [82]. López-Herrera et al. [83] report that zinc applications in strawberry plants increased the firmness of the fruit compared to controls without Zn applications. The application of ZnO NPs negatively affected the sugar content in fruits compared to the control plants. ...
... Los impactos ambientales para las flores de corte durante su ciclo de vida están asociados principalmente a la etapa de cultivo, por ejemplo, el uso intensivo de fertilizantes afecta el balance de nutrientes, y en última instancia, el medio ambiente, ya que el exceso de nutrientes que las plantas no absorben se filtra al suelo y el agua (Russo et al. 2008, Alvarado-Camarillo, et al. 2018. En ocasiones también los impactos se asocian al transporte, cuando son evaluados hasta la distribución González-Bedoya, M.A., Betancur-Vélez, M., Arenas-Echeverri, C.N, & Ríos-Arango, J.A. final, principalmente por el desplazamiento aéreo, desde los países de producción hasta los lugares de distribución final (Sahle y Potting, 2013). ...
... This is accompanied by an increase in the K in leaves and is directly related to the increased K concentrations in the NS and the lower N:K ratio, as previously observed in lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum [Raf.] Shinn) [59]. However, the application of N100_PKinc in the NS did not reveal the same results. ...
... Magnesium accumulated in the aerial graft can be translocated from old leaves on the rootstock to young leaves on the graft (Jiménez, 2017). Magnesium is an essential macroelement for the growth and development of plants, so an adequate supply should be provided, preferably in the early stages of growth to ensure tissue quality (García-Ávila et al., 2015;Ube, 2019). Magnesium is a constituent of ribosomes and is the main atom of chlorophyll, helping protein synthesis and forming part of energy transfer reactions (ATP and enzymes). ...
... El nitrógeno (N) es un nutriente esencial para los cultivos frutícolas, debido a que controla aspectos de crecimiento y desarrollo, como germinación, enraizamiento, ramificación y tiempo de floración de las semillas (Fredes et al., 2019). Se ha reportado que una deficiencia de N en los cultivos frutícolas induce el aborto del polen, por otra parte, un suministro adecuado de N (Díaz, 2002;Hernández-Maruri et al., 2015). En mango, el N afecta diversos parámetros de productividad como el crecimiento vegetativo, alternancia de producción, fotosíntesis, calidad de brotes y panículas, aborto de embrión (es), calidad del fruto y enfermedades por fitopatógenos (Silbert et al., 2022). ...