January 2023
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27 Reads
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18 Citations
SSRN Electronic Journal
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January 2023
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27 Reads
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18 Citations
SSRN Electronic Journal
December 2021
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95 Reads
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41 Citations
Quarterly Journal of Economics
Financial aid from the Susan Thompson Buffett Foundation (STBF) provides comprehensive support to a college population similar to that served by a host of state aid programs. In conjunction with STBF, we randomly assigned aid awards to thousands of Nebraska high school graduates from low-income, minority, and first-generation college households. Randomly assigned STBF awards boost bachelor’s (BA) degree completion for students targeting four-year schools by about 8 points. Degree gains are concentrated among four-year applicants who would otherwise have been unlikely to pursue a four-year program. Degree effects are mediated by award-induced increases in credits earned towards a BA in the first year of college. The extent of initial four-year college engagement explains impact differences by target campus and across covariate subgroups. The projected lifetime earnings impact of awards exceeds marginal educational spending for all of the subgroups examined in the study. Projected earnings gains exceed funder costs for urban students and for students with relatively weak academic preparation.
August 2020
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228 Reads
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124 Citations
Annual Review of Economics
Alternative work arrangements, defined both by working conditions and by workers’ relationship to their employers, are heterogeneous and common in the United States. This article reviews the literature on workers’ preferences over these arrangements, inputs to firms’ decisions to offer them, and the impact of regulation. It also highlights several descriptive facts: The typical worker is in a job where almost none of the tasks can be performed from home, work arrangements have been relatively stable over the past 20 years, work conditions vary substantially with education, and jobs with schedule or location flexibility are less family friendly on average. This last fact explains why women are not more likely to have schedule or location flexibility and seem to largely reduce their working hours to get more family-friendly arrangements.
January 2020
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17 Reads
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5 Citations
SSRN Electronic Journal
June 2019
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35 Reads
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33 Citations
American Economic Review Insights
We estimate the marginal value of non-work time (MVT) using a field experiment. We offered job applicants randomized wage-hour bundles. Choices over these bundles yield estimates of the MVT as a function of hours, tracing out a labor supply relationship. The substitution effect is positive. Individual labor supply is highly elastic at low hours and more inelastic at higher hours. For unemployed applicants, our preferred estimate of the average opportunity cost of a full-time job due to lost leisure and household production is 60 percent of after-tax marginal product, and 72 percent when including fixed costs of employment and child-care costs. (JEL C93, J22, J24, J31, J64, J65)
May 2018
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210 Reads
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179 Citations
Journal of Labor Economics
Most research on online education compares student performance across online and in-person formats. We provide the first evidence that online education affects the number of people pursuing education by studying Georgia Tech’s Online MS in Computer Science, the earliest model offering a highly ranked degree at low cost. A regression discontinuity in admission shows that program access substantially increases overall educational enrollment. By satisfying large, previously unmet demand for midcareer training, this program will boost annual production of American computer science master’s degrees by at least 7%. Online options may open opportunities for populations who would not otherwise pursue education.
December 2017
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257 Reads
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694 Citations
American Economic Review
We employ a discrete choice experiment in the employment process for a national call center to estimate the willingness to pay distribution for alternative work arrangements relative to traditional office positions. Most workers are not willing to pay for scheduling flexibility, though a tail of workers with high valuations allows for sizable compensating differentials. The average worker is willing to give up 20 percent of wages to avoid a schedule set by an employer on short notice, and 8 percent for the option to work from home. We also document that many job-seekers are inattentive, and we account for this in estimation.
November 2017
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278 Reads
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227 Citations
American Economic Review
Do single women avoid career-enhancing actions because these actions signal undesirable traits, like ambition, to the marriage market? While married and unmarried female MBA students perform similarly when their performance is unobserved by classmates (on exams and problem sets), unmarried women have lower participation grades. In a field experiment, single female students reported lower desired salaries and willingness to travel and work long hours on a real-stakes placement questionnaire when they expected their classmates to see their preferences. Other groups’ responses were unaffected by peer observability. A second experiment indicates the effects are driven by observability by single male peers.
August 2017
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343 Reads
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205 Citations
Quarterly Journal of Economics
Examining the performance of cashiers in a French grocery store chain, we find that manager bias negatively affects minority job performance. In the stores studied, cashiers work with different managers on different days and their schedules are determined quasi-randomly. When minority cashiers, but not majority cashiers, are scheduled to work with managers who are biased (as determined by an implicit association test), they are absent more often, spend less time at work, scan items more slowly, and take more time between customers. This appears to be because biased managers interact less with minorities, leading minorities to exert less effort. Manager bias has consequences for the average performance of minority workers: while on average minority and majority workers perform equivalently, on days where managers are unbiased, minorities perform significantly better than do majority workers. The findings are consistent with statistical discrimination in hiring whereby because minorities underperform when assigned to biased managers, the firm sets a higher hiring standard for minorities to get similar average performance from minority and nonminority workers. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the President and Fellows of Harvard College.
January 2017
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5 Reads
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5 Citations
SSRN Electronic Journal
... Workers also may be more productive at home if they are less tired because they have eliminated a long and stressful commute or are able to sleep later in the morning, they can better manage their work and life responsibilities, or they can work without interruptions in a quiet space. However, they may be less productive if they need to work closely with teams, the nature of their work involves customer contact, they suffer from the social isolation of working from home, or they miss out on on-the-job training (Emanuel et al. 2023;Pabilonia and Vernon 2023a). In addition to potential positive worker productivity effects, employers may also benefit from this remote revolution if they can reduce the cost of their office space and/or turnover costs, given workers are more satisfied with their jobs when working remotely (Abril and Harwell 2021;Bloom et al. 2021;Bloom et al. 2024;Gupta et al. 2022;White 2019). ...
January 2023
SSRN Electronic Journal
... Meanwhile, there is research that presents empirical evidence showing a positive impact on labour income in graduates who have received educational funding during their degree courses, such as Vélez et al. (2018), Scott-Clayton and Zafar (2019), Daniels and Smythe (2019) and Froidevaux et al. (2020). On the other hand, there are authors who did not discover a positive impact, among which we find Yang (2011), Mayer et al. (2016, Gurantz (2019), Bettinger et al. (2019), Bernasek and Long (2021), Angrist et al. (2022) and Rattini (2023) in their long-term study. Bettinger et al. (2019), in their research on California, considered the long-term effects of funding by studying the outcomes of the educational process over 14 years. ...
December 2021
Quarterly Journal of Economics
... TSLC is funded by the Susan Thompson Buffett Foundation (STBF) and includes a five-year scholarship that covers the approximate cost of tuition and fees. Studies of the impact of TSLC suggest that the financial support that students receive increases their enrollment, persistence, and six-year degree completion relative to students who do not receive financial support (Angrist et al., 2014(Angrist et al., , 2016(Angrist et al., , 2020 and that the TSLC program positively impacts students' psychosocial outcomes relative to students who received only a scholarship (Melguizo et al., 2019). However, less is known about how specific aspects of this program might contribute to these outcomes. ...
January 2020
SSRN Electronic Journal
... Indeed, working time flexibility is likely to undermine work-life balance when employers do not grant enough working time autonomy to their employees while having high organisation-oriented working time requirements such as changing working time schedule on short notice to accommodate production needs (Backhaus 2022;Wöhrmann, Dilchert, and Michel 2021). Thus, there are likely to be significant trade-offs between employer-friendly and employee-friendly flexibility, with large economic and social costs at stake (Kossek and Thompson 2016;Mas and Pallais 2020). ...
August 2020
Annual Review of Economics
... 11 For example, Pagán [2013] finds that "disability steals time:" disabled individuals devote less time to market work (especially females), and more time to domestic work such as cooking, cleaning and child care, to tertiary activities such as personal care and medical treatment. On wage measures, Mas and Pallais [2019] rightly argue that the market wage is only an approximation of the opportunity cost of employed workers but not of unemployed workers' opportunity cost which is difficult to measure since it reflects activities that happen outside the market. ...
June 2019
American Economic Review Insights
... Ageing and digital shopping degrees now being taught exclusively online [3]. Moreover, public services are also increasingly being delivered online [4]. ...
May 2018
Journal of Labor Economics
... Consequently, the expected coefficient associated with C k is positive, signifying that individuals demand additional wage premiums, or compensating wage differentials, to accept jobs with less than optimal working conditions. This also reflects the economic weight individuals place on favorable working conditions, evidenced by their capacity to tolerate specific compromises in the presence of perceived deficiencies of working conditions, subsequently seeking compensation through wage premium (Mas and Pallais, 2017). Coefficient of C k is also dubbed the "implicit/ shadow price." ...
December 2017
American Economic Review
... We propose here that women directors' marital status is an individual trait enacting self-fulfilling gender stereotypes, which can push women sitting on boards toward enhancing their firms' environmental performances. Indeed, research shows that although women with top careers are generally less inclined to marry (Friedman & Greenhaus, 2000), when they do, they are subject to discrimination and conforming expectations of nurturing and communal traits and behavior (Bursztyn et al., 2017;Dessy & Djebbari, 2010). For instance, while men are socially praised when they work to support their families, positive perceptions of women emerge when they are willing to leave their jobs to support their husbands or care for their families (Eagly, 1987). ...
November 2017
American Economic Review
... The experimental literature has also documented how exposure to negative stereotypes affects effort, self-confidence, and productivity (Carlana, 2019;Bordalo et al., 2016;Glover et al., 2017). Aspirations are strongly correlated to expectations (La Ferrara, 2019;Carlana et al., 2022), and expectations have been shown to affect performance. ...
Reference:
Seeing Stereotypes
August 2017
Quarterly Journal of Economics
... This project also contributes to and extends several literatures in the political economy of the workplace. Broadly, our project extends existing work in economics and management that focus on preferences for types of work along economic dimensions such as compensation, flexibility, and benefits (Beglo and Gorges 2018;Eriksson and Kristensen 2014;Flory, Leibbrandt, and List 2015;Freeman and Rogers 2006;Frymer 2005;Kostiuk 1990; Mas and Pallais 2017;Wiswall and Zafar 2018). Building on Freeman and Rogers (2006) and Kochan et al. (2019), we argue that workers have preferences over the workplace's economic and political fundamentals (Anderson 2017;Dahl 1986;Eidlin and Uetricht 2018;Gourevitch 2014). ...
January 2016
SSRN Electronic Journal