February 2019
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425 Reads
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
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February 2019
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425 Reads
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
January 2017
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15 Reads
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11 Citations
March 2014
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19,536 Reads
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31 Citations
OCL
L’arachide est cultivée par plus de 100 pays dans le monde. Les principaux producteurs sont la Chine et l’Inde qui fournissent plus de 60 % de la production mondiale. L’Afrique assure 25 % de la production avec le Nigéria, le Sénégal et le Soudan principalement. Au Sénégal, dans les années 1960, la culture de l’arachide s’était développée comme culture de rente (production d’huile et de tourteau) destinée à l’exportation avec une ouverture croissante sur le marché mondial. Cette culture fut le moteur du développement de l’économie sénégalaise et a assuré jusqu’à 80 % des exportations et fourni la majeure partie des revenus monétaires en milieu rural. Mais à partir de 1970 et notamment depuis les années 1990, on a assisté à une véritable crise de la filière arachidière et les différentes politiques agricoles n’ont pas toujours permis la relance de la filière. Ce travail est une synthèse des informations recueillies sur l’arachide au Sénégal. Il revient sur l’importance de la culture, fait un état des lieux sur la production et la commercialisation, ressort les différentes contraintes de la production et propose des pistes pour la relance de la filière.
November 2013
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51 Reads
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2 Citations
Webbia
From systematic inventories of plant species, this article analyses the floristic composition, and biological and chorological spectra of taxa identified in Lake Guiers following the building of major dams on the Senegal River in the late 1980s; they have improved storage of fresh water and the maintenance of limnimetric height level throughout the year. We have listed 101 species belonging to 64 genera and 30 families. The dicotyledons are more than twice as numerous as the monocotyledons, and the pteridophytes make up 10%. The most diverse families are, in order of size: Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Convolvulaceae and Oenothoraceae. Half of the families are represented by at least two species. The helogeophytes and therophytes represent half of the biological forms while supernatant hydrophytes constitute only 7% of the flora. The vast majority of species have broad geographical, pantropical and palaeotropical distributions. Cosmopolitan and Sudano-Guinean-Zambezian taxa occur in the same proportions (15%). Better management of the water is essential to control aquatic macrophytes and protect or improve the lake’s biodiversity.
May 2013
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211 Reads
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7 Citations
Fungal Biology
Moesziomyces penicillariae (Brefield) Vànky is a basidiomycete fungus responsible for smut disease on pearl millet, an important staple food in the sub-Sahelian zone. We revisited the life cycle of this fungus. Unlike other Ustilaginales, mating of sporidia was never observed and monoclonal cultures of monokaryotic sporidia were infectious in the absence of mating with compatible partner. These data argued for an atypical monokaryotic diploid cell cycle of M. penicillariae, where teliospores only form solopathogenic sporidia. After inoculation of monoclonal solopathogenic strains on spikelets, the fungus infects the ovaries and induces the folding of the micropilar lips, as observed during early pollination steps. The infected embryo then becomes disorganized and the fungus invades peripheral ovary tissues before sporulating. We evaluated the systemic growth abilities of the fungus. After root inoculation, mycelium was observed around and inside the roots. As argued by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection using specific primers for M. penicillariae, the fungus can grow from roots to the caulinar meristems. In spite of this systemic growth, no sori were formed on the varieties of pearl millet tested after root inoculation. All together, these data suggest that the reduced life cycle of M. penicillariae - i.e. dispersal of 'ready to infect' solopathogenic sporidia, floral infection - is an adaptation to the aetiology of this disease to short-cycle pearl millet varieties from the sub-Sahel.
May 2010
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560 Reads
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5 Citations
African Journal of Microbiology Research
We revisited the systematic position of the fungus Moesziomyces penicillariae, the causal agent of smut of pearl millet, by using morphological characters, germination pattern of teliospores and molecular analysis of ribosomal sequences. Samples of smutted ears of pearl millet were harvested in Senegal (West Africa). Compared to the description of Moesziomyces genus sensus Vánky, our samples presented morphological differences: i) presence of a columella-like structure in sori; ii) surface ornamentations of teliospores; iii) teliospore germination similar to Ustilago and Sporisorium ones. We investigated the systematic position of our samples by aligning their Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences of the ribosomal regions with 47 sequences from Ustilaginaceae. The resulting tree rooted with Tolyposporium junci allowed the separation of five groups among which, they are, two Ustilago and two Sporisorium. An independent clade is formed by Tranzscheliella williamsii and Tranzscheliella hypodytes species including Ustilago sparti. Moesziomyces species used in this analysis form a monophylletic group located in Ustilago 2 group, which include different Ustilago and Sporisorium species but also Pseudozyma antartica. Our results indicate the necessity to amend the Moesziomyces genus as the morphological and molecular data confirm that they are included in the Ustilago-Sporisorium complex.
August 2008
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36 Reads
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14 Citations
West African Journal of Applied Ecology
The Welor area has been classified as a forest reserve since 1935 while waiting for the outcome of studies for its appropriate exploitation based on its biological potential. Due to lack of information on this potential, the plant resources of this forest reserve have been used improperly and excessively. The present study aims at gathering, with an appropriate approach and efficient tools, information necessary for designing a management plan to ensure a sustainable use of the woody resources of Welor Forest Reserve. The results obtained have provided information on the present condition of the woody flora and the vegetation, the potential and the dynamics of the most exploited woody species, and the root causes of the present state of the vegetation of the Welor Forest Reserve. Forty-six woody species, which belong to 39 genera and 25 families, were identified in this Forest Reserve. The most numerous families were Combretaceae, Capparidaceae, Mimosaceae and Caesalpiniaceae. The shrubs represented about 95% of the woody individuals. The average density of the woody individuals was 75–181 individuals per hectare. Acacia seyal and Balanites aegyptiaca were the dominant woody species with the best population structure. None of the woody species exploited for timber reveals a good structure and a good regeneration. Considering the socio-economic context of the area, it appears that the Welor Forest Reserve could be used as a source for firewood.West African Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 13 2008: pp. 67-76
January 2008
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27 Reads
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1 Citation
Webbia
The genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) is one of most important of the tropical flora due to the high number of species. Among the wooden plants, it constitutes the more diversified genus in the flora of Senegal, where it achieves more than 30 species. Previous studies showed the importance of the leaves characters and figs in the characterization of the various species. However, these studies did not allow removing confusion in the identification of certain species. This study was undertaken to search for new discriminating micro-morphological characters, in order to enhance identification of the various species. It concerns 23 taxa of which one new for the Flora of Senegal: F. conrauiWarburg.The micromorphological study allowed observation of new discriminating characters such as: the level of the stomata in relation to the epidermal cells and their position (arrangement) on leaf surface; the type and structure of the epidermal hairs; the stomata density and the stomatic index. In addition to their systematic importance, these characters allow to understand, partly, the strategies developed by the species of the genus Ficus to minimize water losses and to enhance their adaptability to the environments.
January 2007
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57 Reads
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7 Citations
Webbia
Cette étude a été entreprise pour réunir et analyser, à l'aide d'une méthode appropriée, des informations sur la flore ligneuse, la végétation, et le potentiel ligneux de la Forêt Classée de Patako, afin d'en déterminer les vocations et suggérer un mode d'utilisation durable. La collecte des données a été réalisée à partir d'un échantillonnage aléatoire basé sur une stratification préalable de la formation végétale. Le traitement d'une image satellite Landsat-ETM+ de début de saison sèche a permis de caractériser et d'ordonner les composantes structurales de la végétation pour élaborer un support cartographique. L'analyse de la carte élaborée indique que cette formation végétale est composée de deux zones homogènes majeures avec des caractéristiques différentes.
January 2007
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15 Reads
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2 Citations
Webbia
This work is a first peri-urban vegetable farming weeds flora study realized from floristic inventories and peasants inquiries over a period spreading out from 1997 till 2000. Results indicate that it is constituted by 131 species distributed in 88 genus and 34 families. The most represented species are Therophytes (86,5%) belonging to Poaceae (23%), Fabaceae (11,5%), Amaranthaceae (6,9%), Convovulaceae (6%), Cyperaceae (6%), Euphorbiaceae (3,8), Asteraceae (3,8%), Aizoaceae (3,1%), Rubiaceae (3,1%) and Tiliaceae (3,1%). It is characterized by its biogeographic and phytogeographic diversity with 27,5% pantropical species, 22,9% african species, 12,2% cosmopolitan species, 7,6% pan-intertropical species, 5,3% african tropical species, 4,6% afro-asian species, 4,6% pantropical to subtropical species, 3,8% australian species, 2,3% américan species and 2,3% indian species. Among these weed species, 42% have sahelian distribution, 26% subguinean spreading, 16% belong to the agricultural zones, 10% are aquatic, 3,1% localized in the humid zones, 1,5% halophile and 1,5% caracterise orchards vegetation.
... In Ghana, the availability and distribution of invasive alien species have been a serious threat to Ghana's biodiversity for many years [57]. Invasive species are regarded as one of the most challenging environmental problems of the 21st century and the second factor causing biodiversity loss [58]. ...
January 2017
... The Fongoli chimpanzee community ranges within the Kedougou Region in the southeastern corner of Senegal near the Mali and Guinea borders (12°40′ N, 12°13′ W). Vegetation at the study site is categorized as savanna-woodland mosaic, composed mostly of open woodland and grassland, with small patches of gallery forest and seasonally cultivated fields (Ba et al., 1997;Pruetz et al., 2002). Fire is a common occurrence at the Fongoli field site. ...
January 1997
Kew Bulletin
... More than 120 countries around the world grow groundnuts on more than 26.4 million hectares, for a total production of more than 50.32 million tons, with an average productivity of 1.4 tons per hectare [1][2][3]. It is the world's fourth most important oilseed crop [1]. ...
March 2014
OCL
... Des échantillons de chaque taxon rencontré ont été prélevés et séchés pour la constitution d'un herbier. Les identifications des taxons ont été effectuées à l'herbier DAKAR (Département de Biologie Végétale de la Faculté de Sciences et Techniques de l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar) à l'aide de la collection de plantes et/ou des documents ci-après : les flores (Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1954et 1972Hutchinson et al., 1958 ;Berhaut, 1967Berhaut, , et 1971Berhaut, -1979Vanden Berghen 1988Poilocot, 1995Poilocot, et 1999 ; les travaux de Merlier & Montegut, 1982 ;Le Bourgeois & Merlier, 1995 ;Jonhson, 1997 ; les résultats des travaux du Laboratoire de Botanique et Biodiversité (Noba & Ba, 1992 ;Noba et al., 1994 ;Sambou, 2000 ;Ba & Noba, 2001 ;Mbaye et al., 2001a et b ;Mbaye, 2002 ;Sarr, 2003 ;Sarr et al. 2006 ;Bassène, 2014). La nomenclature employée est celle de Lebrun (1973) et Lebrun & Stork (1991, 1992, 1995, 1997. ...
January 2006
Webbia
... De même, il permet de réduire les pailles pour minimiser les dommages que peuvent causer les feux tardifs (Edalo et al., 2019). Le feu précoce comparé aux autres types de feu est moins dévastateur (Mbow et al., 2003). Grâce au fort taux d'eau dans le sol lors de son application, il participe à l'émergence des repousses des graminées hémi cryptophytes (Dayamba et al., 2008). ...
January 2003
Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography
... Au Sénégal, les plantes à fleurs sont relativement bien connues et comprennent environ 2500 espèces (Bâ et Noba, 2001 (Sambou, 2000), le genre Combretum Loefl. (Dione et Bă, 2003), le genre Ficus L. (Diop, 2012), le genre Digitaria Haller (Ngom, 2016) ou peu connues comme les Algues (Bodian, 2000 ;Ba et al., 2006 ;Guèye et al., 2014) ; les Champignons (Kane, 2014) ; les Lichens (Touré, 2015) ; les Ptéridophytes (Mingou et Gueye, 2017) et les Bryophytes (Diop et al.,2017). Dans cette même option, un travail de révision du genre Indigogera L. de la flore du Sénégal, a été initié. ...
January 2006
Webbia
... To do this, stakes were set up at the edge of the branches around the trees, and then a rope was used to connect the stakes in order to delimit the area where the encountered herbaceous species were recorded. Herbaceous plants were then identified at the site by observing their respective vegetative apparatus (stems, leaves, and flowers) and using identification flora tools (Berhaut, 1971;Noba and Ba, 1992;Mbaye et al., 2001;Noba, 2002;Noba et al., 2004;Sarr et al., 2007;Bassène, 2008;Ngom et al., 2016). Circular phytosociological surveys with a diameter of 9.3 m ± 10 cm were also carried out outside the canopies at 20 m far from the trunks of trees. ...
January 2007
Webbia
... This is the case, for example, for the water content of seeds, which affects the longevity and storage conditions of seeds (Orozco-Segovia & Vazquez- Yanes, 1993). Similarly, the functional morphology of the seedlings affects their adaptability to constraining factors of the natural environment (Gorse, 1994;Ouedraogo & Alexandre, 1994;Sambou et al., 1994). ...
January 1994
Journal d agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée
... Here the lake is shallow. The rest of the lake is turbid (Mizuno et al., 1970 (Cogels et al., 1997;Hellsten et al., 1999;Thiam et al., 2013 (Carrick et al., 1994;Havens et al., 2005;Rodusky et al., 2013 (Torres A et al., 1989;Torres, 1993). (Schloesser et al., 1985;Schloesser et al., 1986). ...
Reference:
A blooming business
November 2013
Webbia
... 2002). Au Sénégal, la baisse de rendement en céréaliculture subséquente à la pression des adventices peut atteindre 30% de la production agricole (Noba et al., 2004). De plus, les dépenses dues à la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes peuvent s'élever à plus de 35% des dépenses agricoles (Kumar et al., 2013) et l'usage d'herbicides restent relativement faibles à cause de leurs coûts souvent élevés dans des zones où plus de deux tiers de la population vivent en dessous du seuil de pauvreté (ANSD, 2014). ...
January 2004
Webbia