Alreda Miloud Al-Awkally’s scientific contributions

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Publications (13)


Determining the Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and their Patterns of Susceptibility to Antibiotics among Benghazi Women, Libya
  • Article
  • Full-text available

June 2022

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232 Reads

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4 Citations

AL-MUKHTAR JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

Noor Alhooda M. Al-Awkally

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Nessren F. Mousa

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Vaginal discharge in women is occasionally caused by aerobic bacterial organisms. The study aimed to determine the etiology of female vaginosis and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. HV culture results, age, and sex of all female patients with suspected bacterial vagi-nosis were collected. High vaginal swabs were inoculated into MacConkey agar, 5% blood agar, and chocolate agar and then incubated at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO 2 for 24-48 h. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method. Ten different antibiotic discs were used: Amikacin, Augmentin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Ciproflox-acin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, Meropenem, Septrin, and Clindamycin. After 24 hours, zones were measured in mm, and zone interpretations were in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards criteria guidelines. A total of 215 females were included in the study, the incidence of bacterial vaginosis was 18.6% (40/215). Females between 33 and 45 years old had a somewhat high prevalence (19/40:47.5%) of bacterial vagi-nosis. The most frequent isolates were 45% (18/40) Escherichia coli followed by 15% (6/40) Strep pneumonia. The in vitro susceptibility tests of the most common isolates showed high resistance levels to commonly used antibiotics such as Augmentin and Gentamycin. Whereas highly sensitive rates were observed for Ceftriaxone 70%, followed by Ciprofloxacin 57.5%. Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin showed the best antibiotic sensitivity. Additional studies are necessary to recognize those bacterial species that cause vaginal infections and determine the susceptibility of those species to recently used antibiotics.

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Risk Factors for Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin Resistance among Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Benghazi City

April 2022

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25 Reads

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2 Citations

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem caused by a range of pathogens. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and to see the pattern of Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin susceptibility against uropathogens in Benghazi city. The study took place between 2021 April and October 2021. In-vitro antibacterial activity and resistance patterns of these two well-known antibiotics were studied and compared using the disk diffusion method. Laboratory reports and clinical data of patients with a positive urine culture (≥105 CFU/mL) were included in the study. Ciprofloxacin and gentamycin were tested against fourteen common bacterial pathogens, isolated from clinical samples of patients from Benghazi city Libya. A total of isolates were detected in 264 (75.4%) samples. Out of these, 75.4% were female and 24.6% were male. The majority of the study participants were in the age range of between 36-53 years (33.7%). The Increased bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin has been shown. Most strains of E. coli and Staph aureus were resistant to ciprofloxacin and sensitive to gentamycin thereby showing that gentamycin is more effective than ciprofloxacin. This study showed that E. coli followed by staph aureus and K. pneumonia were the predominant uropathogen of UTIs in this geographical area. Most of the uropathogens were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. The results showed that there is an alarming subject of resistance to Gentamicin against UTI patients in this area. Clinicians should be aware of the existing data and treat patients according to susceptibility patterns.


Risk Factors for Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin Resistance among Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Benghazi City

April 2022

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10 Reads

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem caused by a range of pathogens. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and to see the pattern of Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin susceptibility against uropathogens in Benghazi city. The study took place between 2021 April and October 2021. In-vitro antibacterial activity and resistance patterns of these two well-known antibiotics were studied and compared using the disk diffusion method. Laboratory reports and clinical data of patients with a positive urine culture (≥105 CFU/mL) were included in the study. Ciprofloxacin and gentamycin were tested against fourteen common bacterial pathogens, isolated from clinical samples of patients from Benghazi city Libya. A total of isolates were detected in 264 (75.4%) samples. Out of these, 75.4% were female and 24.6% were male. The majority of the study participants were in the age range of between 36-53 years (33.7%). The Increased bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin has been shown. Most strains of E. coli and Staph aureus were resistant to ciprofloxacin and sensitive to gentamycin thereby showing that gentamycin is more effective than ciprofloxacin. This study showed that E. coli followed by staph aureus and K. pneumonia were the predominant uropathogen of UTIs in this geographical area. Most of the uropathogens were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. The results showed that there is an alarming subject of resistance to Gentamicin against UTI patients in this area. Clinicians should be aware of the existing data and treat patients according to susceptibility patterns.


Risk Factors for Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin Resistance among Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Benghazi City

April 2022

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56 Reads

Scientific Journal of Astana IT University

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem caused by a range of pathogens. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and to see the pattern of Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin susceptibility against uropathogens in Benghazi city. The study took place between 2021 April and October 2021. In-vitro antibacterial activity and resistance patterns of these two well-known antibiotics were studied and compared using the disk diffusion method. Laboratory reports and clinical data of patients with a positive urine culture (≥105 CFU/mL) were included in the study. Ciprofloxacin and gentamycin were tested against fourteen common bacterial pathogens, isolated from clinical samples of patients from Benghazi city Libya. A total of isolates were detected in 264 (75.4%) samples. Out of these, 75.4% were female and 24.6% were male. The majority of the study participants were in the age range of between 36-53 years (33.7%). The Increased bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin has been shown. Most strains of E. coli and Staph aureus were resistant to ciprofloxacin and sensitive to gentamycin thereby showing that gentamycin is more effective than ciprofloxacin. This study showed that E. coli followed by staph aureus and K. pneumonia were the predominant uropathogen of UTIs in this geographical area. Most of the uropathogens were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. The results showed that there is an alarming subject of resistance to Gentamicin against UTI patients in this area. Clinicians should be aware of the existing data and treat patients according to susceptibility patterns.


Risk Factors for Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin Resistance among Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Benghazi City

April 2022

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44 Reads

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem caused by a range of pathogens. The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and to see the pattern of Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin susceptibility against uropathogens in Benghazi city. The study took place between 2021 April and October 2021. In-vitro antibacterial activity and resistance patterns of these two well-known antibiotics were studied and compared using the disk diffusion method. Laboratory reports and clinical data of patients with a positive urine culture (≥105 CFU/mL) were included in the study. Ciprofloxacin and gentamycin were tested against fourteen common bacterial pathogens, isolated from clinical samples of patients from Benghazi city Libya. A total of isolates were detected in 264 (75.4%) samples. Out of these, 75.4% were female and 24.6% were male. The majority of the study participants were in the age range of between 36-53 years (33.7%). The Increased bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin has been shown. Most strains of E. coli and Staph aureus were resistant to ciprofloxacin and sensitive to gentamycin thereby showing that gentamycin is more effective than ciprofloxacin. This study showed that E. coli followed by staph aureus and K. pneumonia were the predominant uropathogen of UTIs in this geographical area. Most of the uropathogens were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. The results showed that there is an alarming subject of resistance to Gentamicin against UTI patients in this area. Clinicians should be aware of the existing data and treat patients according to susceptibility patterns.


Susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella spp isolated from human specimens in Darna, Shahat and Benghazi-Libya against various antibiotics

March 2022

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82 Reads

Proceedings of the Romanian Academy - Series A: Mathematics, Physics, Technical Sciences, Information Science

Antimicrobial resistance is not only increasing the healthcare costs, but also the severity and death rates from certain infections that could have been avoided by prudent and rational use of the existing and newer antimicrobial agents. Klebsiella spp is one of the most common causative agents of human infection, Total 152 samples were Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method by Kirby-Bauer. Klebseilla spp most sensitive to colistin (18.42%) followed by amikacin (18.17%). Female was more sensitive to the antibiotics than male, while the male was resistant to antibiotics than female. Highest ages were sensitive to antibiotic between 22 to 50 years (51.32%). The most resistant between 5 to12 years (88.82%), followed by 51 to 85 years (86. 19%). results showed there were significant different (P< 0.05) in the mean of antibiotic sensitivity for klebseilla spp (F= 437.7, df= 9 & 1510, P= 0.000), antibiotics and warrants attention.


Prevalence of IgM and IgG Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in females and males in Benghazi city-Libya

March 2022

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110 Reads

The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic parasites and can cause severe medical complications in infants and immune-compromised individuals. The current study was done in Benghazi, Libya from January to September 2020. This study was done on a total of 260 people attending private laboratories. Latex agglutination test (LAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies, The present study showed that the positive diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection was only in females, and the different between the sexes was observed. The highest ratio of IgM antibodies was in age group 31 to 40, n=12 (7%), followed by 21 to 30, n=9 (5%). Toxoplasma infections were higher in autumn 151 (90%) followed by summer 14 (8%) while the lowest was recorded in spring 2 (1%). To avoid human infection, all meat should be cooked well and fruits and vegetables washed before eating, protection such as wearing gloves and washing hands should be taken through and after gardening to avoid connection to the soil polluted with T. gondii oocytes expelled in cat feces, and 291 consumption of dirty water should be evaded, especially in developing countries. Future studies are required to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in more people by using ELISA methods.


Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from body specimens in Al-bayda, Shahat, Darna and Benghazi cities

March 2022

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43 Reads

Pseudomonas aeruginosa are cause of majority infections. Rise in multidrug resistance among clinical isolates. A total of (3459) specimen were collected a during 12 months (January-December 2017) and isolated of p. aeruginosa. The male sex was more infected by P. aeruginosa with (P > 0.005). The male was more susceptible to the antimicrobial agents than females. No statistically significant effect on the killing by drugs and the age, while had significant effect between the pseudomonas growths and effect the drugs during the seasons. P. aeurginosa showed a high susceptibility rate to ward colistin, followed by ciprofloxacin while the high resistant rate to ward Augmentin followed by Doxacillin. The prevalence of infection was higher in were isolated from swab. The antimicrobial agents are losing their efficiency because of the extent of resistant organisms due to unselective use of antibiotics, patient nonconformity and unhealthy condition.


Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of cerebrospinal fluid bacteria in children-Benghazi

March 2022

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39 Reads

Bacterial meningitis is a fatal, restricting endemic disease requiring rapid antibiotic controlling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of microorganisms isolated from CSF to antibiotics. Of 3184 CSF were cultured and sensitivity tests were performed in microbiology department, Pediatric hospital, Benghazi, Libya. The study period was during January 2016 to December 2017. A total 3184 CSF samples, 3149 (99%) CSF samples had no bacterial growth, while 35 (1%) CSF samples showed bacterial growth. 20 (57%) were males and 15 (43%) were females. Staph epidermidis 9 (26%) was more bacteria isolated than patient samples, followed by Gram negative bacteria 7 (21%). Most of the cases were recorded in 28 (80%) winter, followed by 7 (20%) autumn. The bacteria have recorded high sensitivity to chloramphenicol by 23%, followed by Ciprofloxacin 14%, while the highest bacterial resistance was recorded to Septrin by 31%. The early diagnosis and providing treatment early are lifesaving and they reduce chronic morbidity.


HbA1c as a Screening and Diagnostic Test for Diabetes Mellitus in Benghazi City

January 2022

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24 Reads

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2 Citations

Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency associated with high mortality rates. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of meningitis and it is important to establish the susceptibility of the causative microorganism to rationalize treatment. Objective of this study was to assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria through the year in Tobruk city. This Laboratory-based retrospective analysis of 367 CSF cultures was conducted in Tobruk Medical Centre, Tobruk, from January 2020-December 2020. Of whom 367, 188 (59%) were male, while 179 (49%) were female. Of 367. Three isolated pathogen was Klebseilla spp 2(1%), followed by streptococcus pyogen and Staph aureus 1 (0%) equally. While 363 (99%) was no growth. The majority of cases 110 (30 %) were cultured in autumn 110 (30%) followed by winter 95 (26%) and spring 88 (24%). in our study the decreasing of bacterial isolation from CSF samples, is maybe due to several reasons such as administration of antibiotics to the patients before CSF sample culturing or the patients were infected with viral infections or the patients were not infected at all. Additional study should focus on avoidable features of vaccines, to reduce the disease problem.


Citations (2)


... Spices cause damage to the gastric membrane, and irritations occur in the mucous wall of the stomach, which leads to increased opportunities for bacteria to infect the stomach. (19) The study showed that people who take stimulants are more likely to be infected with H. pylori as 74% among them were infected compared to people who did not take stimulants 26%, because the stimulants cause flatulence in the stomach and the caffeine found in coffee and tea stimulates the production of gastric acids, as the acidity make a good condition suitable for the growth of stomach germs, which increases rate of infection. Among other factors is the relationship between chronic diseases and infection rate, as the current study showed that chronic diseases had no effect of infection rate and concluded there has no correlation with the infection rate, as it was found that only 12% of people suffer from diabetes and 12% had blood pressure were among the cases infected with H. pylori. ...

Reference:

Study of Helicobacter Pylori Bacteria Infection in Bani Waleed city -Libya
Determining the Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis and their Patterns of Susceptibility to Antibiotics among Benghazi Women, Libya

AL-MUKHTAR JOURNAL OF SCIENCES

... Among other factors is the relationship between chronic diseases and infection rate, as the current study showed that chronic diseases had no effect of infection rate and concluded there has no correlation with the infection rate, as it was found that only 12% of people suffer from diabetes and 12% had blood pressure were among the cases infected with H. pylori. (20) Finally, regarding the blood type factor and its role to increasing the infection rate, it was found that blood group type O and A are more susceptible to infection with H pylori as the rate was 31% for each blood type and then followed by blood type B with a percentage of infection 26% and blood type AB 12%. Previous studies showed that those people with blood type O are more likely to be infected with H. Pylori due to gastric acid secretion. ...

Risk Factors for Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin Resistance among Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Benghazi City