Aliya Khalid’s research while affiliated with University of the Punjab and other places

This conceptual paper tries to encompass the development of open innovation concept from 2003 till now. Open innovation is one of hottest and most debated topic in the field of innovation management. In last decade, since the publication of the book "open innovation" by Chesbrough, the idea of open innovation has received extensive interest of scholars as well as the practitioners. The progression of thought process has been heighted in brief. Enablers of open innovation are also discussed along with the process for implementing open innovation as mentioned in the literature. Discussion on future prospects of the field along with future perspectives for the research is most significant part of the paper. Few research areas are highlighted that remained untapped in the previous decade and demands for an urgent inquiry.

This paper examined the impact of positive youth development initiatives on youth in Lahore, Pakistan through the provision of youth services. Youth is considered as one of the most important segments of the population in a country as it has to take over future roles and responsibilities. Currently, Pakistan is one of those countries which has the highest percentage of youth in its population. A survey of the literature showed that due to multiple socio-economic factors, the potential of youth has not been adequately utilized for the development of the country. One of the effective strategies being practised at the global level is an engagement of youth in the mainstream course of development. Using the quantitative method, 357 respondents were studied through a survey questionnaire. The respondents were students studying in 6 Catholic schools in Lahore where youth service projects have been implemented by Youth Engagement Service (YES) Network Pakistan. The findings revealed that the provision of youth services put a positive impact on the personality of beneficiary adolescents. After the provision of youth services, the majority of beneficiary youth was more caring towards other fellows, feeling more worthwhile within themselves and proved to be more useful for family and community at large. Furthermore, engagement of youth in civic activities turned an adolescent into a productive and outcome-oriented citizen. The study concluded that through positive youth development approach, youth can prove itself as a changemaker asset whose potentialities can contribute immensely to the socio-economic development of the country.

The current study was conducted to evaluate the role of Punjab Vocational Council in promoting empowerment of youth in rural areas of District Bhakkar. It was a case study of vocational training institutes working under Punjab Vocational Training Council (PVTC). Out of 06 vocational training institutes of District Bhakkar, 03 institutes were selected as sample, 180 pass-out trainees were selected from these institutions by using stratified random sampling method. It was a quantitative research, hence survey method was used to gather information from the respondents. Study findings clearly demonstrated that vocational training plays a vital role in improving economic status of youth and has not only increased their income, but has also increased their food, education and health expenditures as well. Study indicated that majority of respondents were involved in income generating activities and were able to add in their monthly family income. Chi-square tests confirmed that vocational training had a significant impact in enhancing economic conditions of youth in rural areas.

Half of the world’s population, i.e. women, and one third population of world, i.e. children, are vulnerable in biological sense. Women and children become the most neglected segments of population during natural disasters. This conceptual paper provides an insight about the specific needs and problems of children and women before, during and after a disaster. Social vulnerabilities are more complex and critical to understand, which enhance the intensity of exploitation, vulnerability and risk for women and children. Considering special needs and provision of equal services are main concerns in rehabilitation. Primary emergencies always bring secondary emergencies if they are not properly managed and administered. Effects of disasters can be minimized by enhancing the coping capacities of vulnerable segments and by equipping them with all necessary preparedness and rescue skills and privileges.

The sustainability of Rural Water Supply Schemes (RWSS), managed by communities, is a major concern in the developing world. A sustainable RWSS delivers safe and sufficient drinking water for a longer period to rural people. Community management was viewed as an accepted model that leads to sustainability, even though community management had difficulties and constraints in sustainability of RWSS due to social, technical, institutional and financial constraints. This paper reviews the sustainability factors of community managed RWSS. There is a need to take multi-stakeholder approach, a demand driven and community led approach, which ties these stakeholders like government, community and non-governmental sector for the effectiveness and sustainability of drinking water services. The synthesis evidenced that community management needs modifications, in terms of external factors, like, institutional support that include financial and technical support, trainings and administrative assistance to make RWSS sustainable. The community, like participation in all phases of planning, implementation, operation & maintenance, water tariff, sense of ownership, transparency, leadership and management are essential for the sustainability of RWSS. The participation by the community members in RWSS plays positive role for its sustainability. To conclude, analysis also highlighted commitment to community management should be pragmatic and rational. The scaling up of community management is an effective and efficient model to address the issues of sustainability in RWSS.

This paper sets out to discuss role of social work as an egalitarian profession in the terrorists affected Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Ex-FATA) in the north of Pakistan. The culture, politics and governance of FATA is different from rest of the Pakistan due to its centuries old tribal culture, clan dynamics and Jirga system for governance. Since 1979, FATA has been also militarized by local tribal warriors. Consequently, FATA became the focus of military operations by the law enforcement agencies of Pakistan. As a result of these political and governance dynamics, thousands of families in FATA have been internally displaced and lived in temporary camps established by the government of Pakistan. Being in these campus for years, families were traumatized and are suffering from numerous social, political, economic and psychological problems. Unfortunately, Pakistani social work has failed to protect human rights of the FATA communities despite of its origin dating back to 1954. We argue that lack of state and societal recognition for social work as a profession, is major reason for failure of social work in the FATA. The study concludes that border lands and conflict-ridden areas like that of FATA do provide opportunities to practice international social work that ensures power to the powerless in the Pakistani society.

Children deprived of their primary care are among the most vulnerable segments of the society exposed to violence, exploitation, trafficking, discrimination and all other types of abuse. United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children (1989) acknowledges the rights of such children and hold member states responsible for provision of alternative care considering the best interest of the children in accordance with their national laws. United Nations’ guideline on alternative care were also adopted by UN General Assembly for effective implementation of international instruments regarding the shelter, protection, development, and rehabilitation of children deprived from their primary care. Pakistan, being a member state and signatory to these UN treaties, is bound to reflect the provisions of these international instruments in the domestic policies and execute the same in true letter and spirit. Evidences prove that if not professionally managed, children living and growing up in institutions face difficulties in learning and developing social skills. In Punjab province, different institutions in public & private sectors are providing residential services to children deprived of their primary care. However, the performance of these institutions has been questioned repeatedly due to the constantly reported child abuse cases. Present study aims to explore factors responsible for the current state of affairs by getting views of both practitioners and the beneficiaries. Following a qualitative perspective of research, in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide with management and resident children of childcare institutions. The findings of the study identified multiple policy and administrative issues affecting the working of these institutions and helped in understanding the existing situation of these institutions in Punjab Province. This study will be helpful in determining the needs and issues faced by the case managers as well as the children to serve their best interest.

This paper aims to explore the role of professional social workers in the social inclusion of disabled persons in Pakistan. This paper highlights the present scenario of social work practice with the disabled community and how professional social workers are bringing social inclusion of disabled persons by working effectively in the field. The data for this study was collected through qualitative approach. The semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data through in-depth interviews from thirteen professional social workers who are working for the social inclusion of persons with disabilities in Pakistani community. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The data revealed that social workers have enough abilities to create a bridge between disabled persons with their community. There are different sources present in the community which can be utilized by professional social workers to enable disabled persons to live a normal life. Unawareness of common people and government towards the roles of social workers has been observed in this study. Enhancement and encouragement of social work practice in the field of disability is particularly needed.

Self-centered organizations focus more on material outcomes. Due to this materialistic thinking and greed for more wealth are the main reasons for lack of employee performance and unethical behaviour of employees as they just have one purpose that is to earn money. Present study has multi-dimensional significance. Firstly, it operationalized the concept of macro level of workplace spirituality (organizational spirituality). Second, it found the impact of organizational spirituality on ethical behaviour and employee performance. Thirdly, present study also guides practitioners about the importance of nurturing spiritual culture within the organizations. Structured questionnaires were distributed through mail to the 400 managerial and non-managerial employees of service sectors. 358 questionnaires were received back for final analysis. Result indicates that there is a significant positive impact of organizational spirituality on ethical behavior and employee performance.