Alison R. Sherwood's research while affiliated with University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and other places
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Publications (146)
The subtidal brown algal species Sporochnus dotyi Brostoff (Sporochnales, Phaeophyceae), which has been regarded as a Hawaiian endemic, is reported from Kushimoto, Kii Peninsula, Pacific coast of central Honshu, Japan, for the first time outside Hawai'i. The species grew on subtidal rocks ca. 5–20 m deep attached by a small conical holdfast. The er...
This updated list is composed of a total of 661 records, which includes 71 brown algae, 450 red algae, 137 green algae, and three seagrasses, with an overall rate of endemism of 13.2%. Almost half (46.7%) of the Hawaiian records presented here are represented by at least one DNA sequence, while 16.3% are confirmed through a DNA sequence match to a...
Two genera of the Rhodymeniales, Halopeltis and Leptofauchea, are here reported for the first time from the Hawaiian Islands and represent the deepest records for both genera. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), rbcL, and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) sequences for Hawaiian specimens of Leptofauchea revealed o...
Surveys of Hawaiian macroalgae over the past 15 years have yielded numerous specimens representing species new to science. Calliblepharis yasutakei sp. nov. is here described based on a plant collected at a depth of 98 m from Kapou, Pa-pahânaumokuâkea Marine National Monument, Hawaiʻi. Phylogenetic analyses of three molecular markers (COI, rbcL, an...
Recent investigations into the species diversity of red blades in Hawai‘i have yielded several specimens of Kallymeniaceae from Hawaiian Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. Our combined morphological and mitochondrial COI-5P and plastid rbcL phylogenetic analyses indicated widespread cryptic diversity among those specimens commonly identified as Kallymeni...
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Hawaiian members of the red algal family Dumontiaceae were used to clarify the species diversity of Dudresnaya and Gibsmithia from Hawaiʻi. Although no new species of Dudresnaya were detected in the analyses, D. babbittiana is newly recorded by Lalo, Manawai, and Oʻahu; however, this record remains tentative until...
The calcified encrusting brown algal genus Newhousia is reported from three new archipelagos in the Pacific: (1) Society Islands, French Polynesia; (2) Guam, Mariana Islands; and (3) Vanuatu. Newhousia presents a simple morphology consisting of small, rounded, two-layered calcified blades with limited interspecific variability in morphological feat...
The Hawaiian Archipelago stretches 2500 km from the Main to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, represents a complex gradient of oceanographic and anthropogenic drivers, and has a high abundance and diversity of native and invasive macroalgae. These photosynthetic organisms occur in intertidal to mesophotic (30–150+ m) depths and absorb nitrogen wit...
The complete chloroplast genome of Chondria tumulosa, a red alga from Manawai (Pearl and Hermes Atoll), Hawai‘i, was determined and analyzed using next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly approaches. The chloroplast genome sequence of C. tumulosa was 172,617 bp and contained 231 genes, consisting of 197 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNA...
Two new species, one in the genus Incendia, and one in Seiria, are illustrated and described here from mesophotic peyssonnelioid specimens collected in the Hawaiian Islands based on molecular and morphological analyses. Both genera are reported from Hawai‘i for the first time. Incendia lisianskiensis sp. nov. differs from the other nine described m...
A new species of mesophotic marine red algae, Ethelia hawaiiensis sp. nov., is illustrated and described. Ethelia hawaiiensis is distinguished from other members of the genus by its large diameter assurgent filament cells, and in having thallus cavities that are frequently inhabited by microalgae, as well as in DNA sequence. Analyses of mitochondri...
Small red algal morphologically variable blades have been extensively collected from Hawaiian reefs, but for many specimens their taxonomy remains poorly understood. In surveys of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM) and Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), we discovered two taxa of undescribed small (< 5 cm) red blades that matched the ge...
Although complete mitogenomic data have been widely applied in human and other animal population studies, they are extremely limited for florideophycean red algal populations. Gelidiella fanii is a recently described rhodophyta, previously misidentified as G. acerosa, a cosmopolitan agar-yielding species from tropical to subtropical waters. To deci...
Survey cruises by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 2016 and 2019 yielded specimens of an undetermined red alga that rapidly attained alarming levels of benthic coverage at Pearl and Hermes Atoll, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Hawaiʻi. By 2019 the seaweed had covered large expanses on the northeast side of...
Wilsonosiphonia is a newly described marine algal genus with three species. The genus was previously confused with the widely distributed taxon Polysiphonia, and because of this, the taxonomy and distribution of Wilsonosiphonia is likely underestimated. We report the discovery of a minute filamentous red alga, Wilsonosiphonia fujiae (Rhodophyta) in...
Sacoglossans, or "sap-sucking" sea slugs, are primarily algivorous, with many taxa exhibiting kleptoplasty, the feeding and retaining of photosynthetically active chloroplasts from algae. The Plakobranchus species complex exhibits some of the longest kleptoplast retention and survival times under starvation conditions, but the contributions of thes...
The airborne environment is a critical juncture linking terrestrial and aquatic habitats, yet the algae of this environment are not well-characterised and understood. The goal of this study was to examine seasonality patterns of airborne algae in a tropical environment. Airborne algae were collected monthly in spore traps on a building rooftop on t...
Udotea geppiorum is reported to form meadows in deep-water, soft sediment habitats in the Main Hawaiian Islands. The identification of the species, initially published as U. argentea in the archipelago, is revised and confirmed based on morphological assessment and comparative DNA sequencing with western Pacific specimens. Udotea geppiorum is fully...
The recently described green algal genus Pseudorhizoclonium was erected for Rhizoclonium-like specimens that resolved as a separate clade from Rhizoclonium sensu stricto based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU) data. We analysed 36 collections of Pseudorhizoclonium, including 18 new specimens, which resulted in a considerably extended distribut...
Specimen and sequence information for those used in both morphological and molecular assessment.
A second species in the siphonous green algal genus Avrainvillea was recently discovered off the island of O‘ahu in the Main Hawaiian Islands. Specimens were collected from Honolulu Harbor, including its entrance channel, and near Ke‘ehi Harbor. These locations are both in Mālama Bay on O‘ahu’s south shore in or adjacent to urbanized estuaries, res...
Avrainvillea sp. records and site information for the 2014 seagrass survey in Honolulu Harbor.
Morphological characters used to identify the new Avrainvillea specimens and comparison with related species.
Although the literature on the diversity of airborne algal communities in various locations around the world is increasing, little is known about their temporal and spatial patterns. We compared airborne algal communities from Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA, over three 24-h sampling periods to examine diurnal patterns in diversity and abundance. Using a cu...
Spongiochrysis hawaiiensis, a terrestrial green alga found in subaerial biofilms along the windward coast of O‘ahu, was originally described as a member of the Cladophorales, a primarily marine and freshwater order, based on DNA sequence data. However, a subsequent report allied this taxon with the entirely terrestrial order Trentepohliales. Yet bi...
Aim
Biogeographical processes underlying Indo‐Pacific biodiversity patterns have been relatively well studied in marine shallow water invertebrates and fishes, but have been explored much less extensively in seaweeds, despite these organisms often displaying markedly different patterns. Using the marine red alga Portieria as a model, we aim to gain...
Sacoglossa, the “sap sucking” sea slugs, are highly specialized herbivores and the only metazoans that exhibit kleptoplasty, the sequestration and retention of chloroplasts from algae. Plakobranchus is one of the most generalistic herbivores within this order, with as many as 12 reported “algal host” (i.e. kleptoplast source) species. However, klep...
Sacoglossa, the "sap sucking" sea slugs, are highly specialized herbivores and the only metazoans that exhibit kleptoplasty, the sequestration and retention of chloroplasts from algae. Plakobranchus is one of the most generalistic herbivores within this order, with as many as 12 reported "algal host" (i.e. kleptoplast source) species. However, klep...
Although the literature on the diversity ofairborne algal communities in various locationsaround the world is increasing, little is known abouttheir temporal and spatial patterns. We comparedairborne algal communities from Honolulu, Hawai‘i,USA, over three 24-h sampling periods to examinediurnal patterns in diversity and abundance. Using aculture-b...
Identification of species in the green algal genus Spirogyra is complicated by cryptic morphological diversity, seasonality of critical features of sexual reproduction necessary for morphological identification, the presence of polyploid species groups and a lack of molecular sequence data tied to authentic specimens. Yet the prevalence and importa...
OTU Picking workflow
Mesophotic coral ecosystems are an almost entirely unexplored and undocumented environment that likely contains vast reservoirs of undescribed biodiversity. Twenty-four macroalgae samples, representing four genera, were collected from a Hawaiian mesophotic reef at water depths between 65 and 86 m in the ‘Au‘au Channel, Maui, Hawai‘i. Algal tissues...
Details of mesophotic macroalgae
SI Figure 1- NMDS plot of fungal community similarity, colored by algal host species
Supplemental Tables 1–8
The systematics of the Laurencia complex was investigated using a taxon-rich data set including the chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene only and a character-rich data set combining mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI-5P), the rbcL marker, and the nuclear large subunit of the ribosomal operon (LS...
The sacoglossan sea slug species complex Plakobranchus ocellatus is a common algivore throughout the tropical Pacific, including the Hawaiian Islands. Plakobranchus ocellatus is kleptoplastic - it sequesters and retains algal chloroplasts - a characteristic that can be exploited to molecularly characterize diminutive bryopsidalean algae that are ty...
Airborne algae from sites on the windward (n=3) and leeward (n=3) sides of the Ko'olau Mountain range of O'ahu, Hawai'i, were sampled for a 16-d period during January and February 2015 using passive collection devices and were characterized using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the UPA marker. Amplicons were assigned to 3,023 OTUs, which included 1,18...
The green algae represent one of the most diverse and abundant algal lineages in river systems around the world, and their evolutionary diversification led to two major lineages, the Chlorophyta and Streptophyta (with the latter including the land plants). Macroscopic and microscopic forms of green algae are common in streams, as are those living o...
Algae are some of the most successful organisms employed as biological indicators due to their species-specific tolerances of abiotic conditions, high species diversity in many environments, and their ability to serve as integrative sentinels of habitat conditions. Algae can also themselves be agents of toxicity resulting in lower vertebrate fecund...
The tropical Pacific is a unique region to study marine algal phylogeographic patterns. The ancient age of the ocean basin, combined with the presence of numerous islands and archipelagos derived from a variety of geological and biological processes, has yielded several "cosmopolitan" algal species that likely achieved a broad distribution during t...
Ulvalean algae (Chlorophyta) are most commonly described from intertidal and shallow subtidal marine environments worldwide, but are less well known from mesophotic environments. Their morphological simplicity and phenotypic plasticity make accurate species determinations difficult, even at the generic level. Here, we describe the mesophotic Ulvale...
Fifty samples of cyanobacteria were collected and characterized as part of the Hawaiian Freshwater Algal Biodiversity Survey. Fifty-two percent of the samples originated from Oahu, while the remainder were collected from Kauai (14%), Maui (20%) and Hawaii (14%). A diversity of habitats (e.g. streams, wet walls, taro fields, terrestrial areas and di...
The airborne algae of Oahu, Hawaii was studied along a transect crossing from the leeward to the windward side of the Koolau Mountain Range in summer 2013. Algae were collected on agarized medium in petri dishes from a car window as the vehicle drove from Honolulu to Kailua, Oahu, through an elevation gradient of > 360 m and a rainfall gradient of...
BackgroundA remarkable range of environmental conditions is present in the Hawaiian Islands due to their gradients of elevation, rainfall and island age. Despite being well known as a location for the study of evolutionary processes and island biogeography, little is known about the composition of the non-marine algal flora of the archipelago, its...
Genetic diversity of all three extant species of the Hawaiian endemic tree genus Kokia was examined using analyses of RAPD markers. All three species are federally endangered, two (K. cookei and K. drynarioides) critically so, and one (K. kauaiensis) is rare but with several populations. Samples extracted were PCR amplified with 10 primers to yield...
A new freshwater red alga is described from Köke‘e State Park on
the island of Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i. The alga is a member of the genus Kumanoa,
which was recently established to accommodate two sections of the large freshwater
red algal genus Batrachospermum. Specimens are shown to be unique
relative to all other confirmed members of the genus based on...
Despite its extreme geographical isolation, numerous expeditions have surveyed the marine flora and fauna of Johnston Atoll. However, historical information about the marine biodiversity of Johnston is mostly limited to SCUBA surveys in shallow-waters (<30 m), and submersible observations in deeper waters (100–500 m). Extensive coral reefs, known a...
Molecular techniques have proven useful not only in resolving taxonomic and systematic issues among several genera in the red algal family Gracilariaceae but also in the rapid identification of cryptic invasive species (e.g., Gracilaria vermiculophylla and G. parvispora). In Hawai‘i (U.S.A.), Gracilaria is both economically and culturally important...
ABSRTACT: The phylum Rhodophyta contains of a wide range of ecologically and economically important species distributed worldwide. One taxon, Gracilaria salicornia, was an introduced and invasive species in the Hawaiian Islands that had displaced native flora and fauna, and caused widespread ecological damage. We presented the chloroplast and mitoc...
The diatom genus Diprora (Bacillariophyceae) was described from a cave on Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi. Due to its lack of a raphe system and bilateral symmetry, the genus was first assigned to the Fragilariophycidae ('araphid diatoms'), but its systematic affinities were undetermined. We present a three-gene phylogeny, based on nuclear (SSU rDNA) and chloropla...
A rarely collected shallow-subtidal Hawaiian macroalga has been determined anatomically and molecularly to belong to an undescribed species of Tylotus J. Agardh, the most widely distributed genus of the small, mostly Australian-endemic family Dicranemataceae. Thalli are repent and imbricate on calcareous boulders at the type locality on O‘ahu, and...
The present study documents the nonmarine red algal species present in the Hawaiian Islands, including their distribution patterns and phylogenetic affinities of the most common taxa. Large-scale survey collections of freshwater algae were made throughout the six largest main Hawaiian Islands, resulting in 155 red algal isolates. Of these, 69 were...
Recent DNA sequencing studies have demonstrated that many widespread species consist of species complexes with high genetic diversity. The brown alga Colpomenia sinuosa is a suitable candidate for studies into cryptic diversity because of its cosmopolitan distribution in the world ' s oceans. To examine the genetic diversity within the species and...
Molecular characterization (plastid-encoded tufA gene) of New Caledonian members of the Caulerpa racemosa–Caulerpa peltata complex identified five lineages, each possibly harboring multiple species-level entities. On a global scale, the complex encompassed six lineages, two of which were pantropical and the remainder seemingly were restricted to th...
Freshwater representatives of the red algal order Gigartinales are extremely rare, with the monotypic genus Sterrocladia being the only truly freshwater example. This alga was described in 1850 from material originating from French Guiana, and although its affinities at the ordinal and familial levels have been debated based on morphological and an...
Background
Biodiversity databases serve the important role of highlighting species-level diversity from defined geographical regions. Databases that are specially designed to accommodate the types of data gathered during regional surveys are valuable in allowing full data access and display to researchers not directly involved with the project, whi...
The marine red alga Schimmelmannia cf. elegans was identified from samples collected from an aquaculture facility on the island of Hawai'i based on morphological and molecular data analyses. The genus has never before been reported from the Hawaiian Islands. Awareness of this species is raised given that it has been suspected as introduced in Cape...
Genetic information is proving to be important in conservation and management efforts that involve cryptic species and their role in native ecosystem restoration. Previous molecular studies have demonstrated that the red alga Spyridia filamentosa consists of several cryptic species. Spyridia filamentosa is considered to be a native species in Hawai...
Rhodachlya hawaiiana Kurihara, J. A. West, Conklin et A.R. Sherwood sp. nov. is described based on cultured material from the island of Hawaii as the second member of the genus Rhodachlya. The pit plug ultrastructure of this alga is characterized by the presence of inner and outer cap layers but lacking a cap membrane between the layers, which is a...
The green algal genus Cloniophora has been classified in the Chaetophorales (Chlorophyceae) based on morphological characters. This study uses DNA sequence data from the nucleus (SSU) and the chloroplast (tufA) from collections in the Hawaiian Islands and a culture originating from Portugal to test this classification. Taxonomic identities of conte...
A new brown alga Petalonia tatewakii sp. nov. (Scytosiphonaceae) is described from the Hawaiian Islands based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the chloroplast-encoded rbeL. gene and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the nuclear ribosomal cistron. The thalli are linear and complanate, up to 15 cm in length and 0...
The green algal genus Cloniophora has been classified in the Chaetophorales (Chlorophyceae) based on morphological characters. This study uses DNA sequence data from the nucleus (SSU) and the chloroplast (tufA) from collections in the Hawaiian Islands and a culture originating from Portugal to test this classification. Taxonomic identities of conte...
