Alisha Geldert's research while affiliated with University of California and other places

... In addition of being a healthcare security corridor, the UV-C LEDs maintained a high-radiance operations, compact, solid-state emitters that keep under control all unique toolkit for developing safe and effective solutions not only for healthcare surface environments disinfection, air, water, food safety and protection of office workers, shopping malls and commuters in the post-COVID-19 global occupational space (Kreitenberg & Martinello, 2021). The UV-C LEDs are automatic disinfecting robot-like systems that are utilized to kill pathogens responsible for infectious diseases especially infections contacted within the hospital environment (Geldert et al., 2021). The UV-LED devices operates predominantly through the use of lamps that produce high intensity ultraviolet irradiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation UV-C wavelengths of 100nm-280nm on the electromagnetic spectrum (Cassar, Ouyang, Krishnamurthy, & Demirci, 2020). ...

... Additionally, comparisons between studies with the same virus at different wavelengths can be complicated by methodological differences, including the bandwidth of the radiation used for exposure tests, the composition of the viral suspension, and the magnitude of the uncertainties in the UV irradiance delivered to samples. Previous studies on the effects of UV radiation and visible light on SARS-CoV-2, though informative, have used a wide range of radiation sources, experimental designs, and metrics for assessing viral damage (10,12,13,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). These methodological differences complicate application of the results to assessments of UV and light-based decontamination technologies. ...

... Rathnasinghe et al. [43] presented a simple UVC decontamination device without the mask's strap decontamination. Golovkine et al. [44], Smith et al. [45], Fischer et al. [46], and Geldert et al. [47] investigated and compared the efficiency of UVC-based decontamination systems for N95 respirators with other decontamination methods such as ethanol, heat, UVA, ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide plasma and vapor, MGS, bleach, and liquid hydrogen peroxide. Comparing across the studies, a UVC-based N95 disinfection treatment with a dosage of greater than 0.5 J/cm 2 can achieve the minimum pathogen load reduction required of three-log reduction against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. ...

... While not providing proteoform-level specificity, these single-cell frameworks are powerful for multimodal same-cell measurements (47,48). Scrutinizing the protein content of lysates from thousands of individual organelles is viable today using microfluidic devices to overcome shortcomings of single capillary systems for single-cell (49,50), subcellular (51), and multimodal (52,53) immunoblotting. ...

... The sterilization methods employed in this study are ionizing irradiation, dry heat, autoclave (steam), soaking in H 2 O 2 liquid and hot water wash with and without detergent for various types of facemasks and included in Table 1. The antibacterial and virus decontamination test has been performed many laboratories across the world simultaneously and few researchers have been reviewed and compiled the literature [33][34][35]. Nevertheless, the published relevant antibacterial test and virus deactivation studies relevant to the scope of the paper has been reviewed and included in the Table 3. ...

... According to these findings, the minimum UV-C fluence required to achieve a considerable decrease in the viruses ( ≥ 3-log 10 reduction) in FFRs is 1.8 J cm −2 . This value corresponds to 100-1000 times higher than the doses used to decontaminate these microorganisms on non-porous surfaces and in the air [10,13,17], which emphasizes the need for a careful assessment of the required UV-C dose for different materials. ...

... It has been shown that the effect of ultraviolet radiation strongly depends on the spectral structure of the light or radiation frequency. The radiation within the ultraviolet region from 240 nm to 280 nm (more precisely, the absorption peak near 260 nm that overlaps with the absorption peak of genetic material) inactivates microorganisms, harming their genetic material [11,12]; higher frequencies (lower wavelengths) affect also proteins [7]. ...

... 5 This method is widely used for disinfection of respirator masks and shields, as well as other personal protective equipment. 6 Other UVC-based germicidal applications include robot-controlled surface disinfection in hospitals and microbial inactivation of food. 7 UVB light is also a promising candidate for a UV germicidal alternative. ...

... While not providing proteoform-level specificity, these single-cell frameworks are powerful for multimodal same-cell measurements (47,48). Scrutinizing the protein content of lysates from thousands of individual organelles is viable today using microfluidic devices to overcome shortcomings of single capillary systems for single-cell (49,50), subcellular (51), and multimodal (52,53) immunoblotting. ...

... These systems feature open electrophoresis structures such as microstructured gel matrices that include microwells for single-cell analysis. Upon cell sedimentation into the microwells and cell lysis, proteins are electrophoretically forced through the walls of the microwell into the adjacent gelbased sieving matrix for protein separation, followed by photochemical protein immobilization and immunoprobing [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Several studies have underscored the potential of these open microfluidic systems for single-cell protein analysis, and recent reports also highlighted the analysis of subcellular compartments of individual cells [30] as well as the combination of single-cell western blot with mRNA sequencing [31] or mass spectrometry imaging techniques [32] to gain more detailed insights into cellular heterogeneity. ...