Ali Kemal Yakut’s research while affiliated with Süleyman Demirel University and other places

The industry sector is one of the sectors with the highest energy input in Turkey. When these sectors are analyzed, it is seen that iron and steel sector is in the first place. In this iron and steel sector, where there is high energy need, it is necessary to ensure the maximum efficient use of energy. Exergy is a term that expresses the availability of energy to the forefront in this industry. In this study, energy and exergy analysis of annealing furnace which has high energy input is done. Analysis showed that the ideal flue gas pressure was 40 kPa. Furthermore, the highest Exergy destruction occurred in annealing furnace with 63%. It was found that there is an energy need of 565 kj/kg per annealed billet. It has been proposed that the flue gas at about 200 ℃ ejected from the flue can be produced with an ideal rankine cycle of about 3 MW. In addition, it is stated that this waste gas thrown from the chimney can be used to meet the heating and hot water (domestic water) needs of the factory.

The production of cement is one of the most power-intensive and harmful gas-emitting processes in the world. The energy policies of many developed and underdeveloped countries focus on increasing energy efficiency in the industry, which in turn causes decreased harmful gas emissions. In this chapter, energetic and exergetic analyses of a raw mill in a cement facility were performed for a better understanding of the system design dynamics. The exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency were obtained by using the mass and energy and exergy balance equations. The exergy destruction rate and exergetic performance of the raw mill system in the cement plant were calculated to be 2940. kW and 34.67%, respectively. In addition, the system design parameters that affected the process performance, such as the ambient temperature, mass flow rate, and component temperature, were analyzed.

In this study, the energetic and exergetic analyses of a cement plant for clinker production are investigated. The exergy destruction rate, energy and exergy efficiency of process components are presented by using the thermodynamic balance equations. The energetic and exergetic efficiencies of cement plant are calculated as 60.78%, and 46.11%, respectively. The rotary kiln, raw mill and cooler component have the maximum exergy destruction rate among the other process components. The exergy efficiency of rotary kiln, raw mill and cooler component are calculated as 57.36%, 33.52% and 49.46%, respectively. Also, to analyse the cement plant performance more comprehensively, the parametric studies are conducted to determine the impacts of different design variables, such as rotary kiln temperature and raw material mass flow rate, and feedstock coal chemical properties and varying of ambient temperature on the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction rate of plant components.

The effect of boronizing on commercial H320LA steel sheets of 1 mm and 2 mm thickness was evaluated. The boronizing treatments were carried out in a solid medium at 1173 K for 5 h using the powder pack method. The boride layers formed on the surface were characterized and microhardness measurements were conducted on the borides and the substrate. Mechanical properties and deformation behaviour were compared by bending, tensile, deep drawing, and ballistic tests. The ballistic behaviour was investigated impacting against lead alloy core projectiles of 358 +/- 12 m/s velocity at normal impact angle. The microhardness of the boride layers was approximately 1225-1455 HV0.1. Bend tests revealed a sharp decrease in flexural strengths of the boronized specimens. Deep drawability was impaired, while ballistic properties of the plates were improved with boronizing treatment due to improved surface hardness.

In this study, an experimental system for the vacuum drying of timbers is designed. Experiments in the different temperature, pressure and the residence time in vacuum are carried out. The drying experiments are conducted at three different drying temperatures varied between 40°C and 60°C. The drying experiments are conducted at three different pressures varied between 60 kPa and 80 kPa. The residence time in vacuum is varied between 5 min and 15 min. In addition, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) system to drying system is added. Energy and exergy analyses of vacuum drying process of pine timbers are carried out.

In this paper, the thermodynamic modelling of exergy loss, exergy efficiency, exergy destruction rate, environmental destruction coefficient, improvement potential, exergy destruction factor, relative irreversibility, productivity lack and exergetic factor of ground source heat pump (GSHP) system are investigated. The results show that these exergy indexes should be used integratively. Compressor has the maximum exergy destruction rate, followed by the condenser and ground heat exchanger. Exergy efficiencies are obtained as 54.54% and 38.52% for the GSHP unit and whole system, respectively. Related parametric studies concerning about exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency of the system components are carried out at different ambient temperatures.

In this study, a dryer which can be dry the timbers with vacuum drying method has been designed. Working in ideal conditions of the vacuum drying kiln with PLC automation system has been provided. Software for automation system has been developed. Different experiments according to the drying temperatures, the operating pressures and the waiting times in vacuum have been carried out. The timbers that average relative humidity is 45% have been dried until the relative humidity dropped to 8%. Drying time of the each experiment has been realized between 40 ∼ 50 hours. Consequently, optimum operating conditions to dry the pine timbers by vacuum method have been identified that the drying temperature is 50 °C, the working pressure is 0,80 bar and the waiting time in vacuum is 10 minutes (0,25 bar).