Adrien Van Gorp’s research while affiliated with Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 and other places

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Publications (27)


Determination of the Magnetic Degradation Profile on the Cutting-Edge of Mechanically Cut Electrical Steels
  • Article

January 2023

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55 Reads

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1 Citation

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

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Wissem Bekir

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Adrien Van Gorp

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[...]

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This paper deals with a combined experimental/numerical approach to identify the degradation profile of the magnetic properties at the cutting edge of mechanically cut electrical steels. Using a dedicated magnetic measurement device combined with a specific magnetic characterization protocol and mechanical hardness measurements, the impacted distance to the cutting-edge (I.C-E) of a non-oriented (NO) Si-Fe electrical steel has been experimentally delineated. Then, thanks to a magneto-plastic model together with a Finite Element (FE) method-based numerical model, the I.C-E distance and the associated degradation profile have been determined by an inverse optimization method. The obtained results show that the degradation profile, although it follows a classical rapid decrease from the cutting edge, is quite different from those usually considered in the literature.


The two studied configurations.
View of two industrial stators (with airvent spacers).
Global mock-up; (a) fixed structure of the press; (b) see Fig. 4; (c) movable steel plate; (d) hydraulic jack.
Zoom of the mock-up; (a) screw; (b) force sensor; (c) PVC plate; (d) winding frame; (e) airvent spacers support; (f) laminated magnetic circuit.
Airvent spacers support.

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Investigation of the compaction process of electrical machines magnetic circuits and its detrimental effect on magnetic performances
  • Article
  • Full-text available

November 2022

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210 Reads

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2 Citations

The manufacturing processes of electrical machines may lead to significant degradation of the magnetic properties of their magnetic core (stator, rotor) performances and, as a consequence, to a decrease of their energy efficiency. While the effects of some processes (cutting, welding …) are widely discussed in the literature, this is not the case with the compaction process although it is systematically used to maintain the assembly of electrical steel sheets that compose the magnetic circuits. In addition to the conventional one, a specific compaction process exists for high-power electrical machines. After an introduction, the paper firstly deals with the two studied processes (conventional, specific). Then, an experimental mock-up to study the impact of the two configurations on the magnetic properties (iron losses, normal magnetization curve) is presented. This mock-up is the first, in the literature, that allows to study the effect of a controlled compaction mechanical stress on magnetic properties. Obtained results in both configurations highlight a magneto-mechanical effect that is not reported in the literature where these effects are commonly considered following in-plane mechanical stresses. This paper presents a magneto-mechanical model, taking into account the compaction stress effect, as well as a modelling protocol to model the effect of 3D mechanical stress on magnetic properties, which has never been done in the literature.

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Analysis of magnetic properties degradation following industrial impregnation process of electrical steel laminations

September 2022

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74 Reads

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2 Citations

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

This paper deals with the analysis of the magnetic properties degradation following an industrial impregnation process of electrical steels employed in stators of large generators. First, the impregnation process is studied directly on industrial stators to emphasize the significance of the process effect. Then, to have a controlled approach of the impregnation conditions, laminated ring cores were subjected to the same process but for different configurations. The ring cores were magnetically characterized to highlight the influence of the resin on the magnetic properties. Also, in order to distinguish the effect of the resin from other phenomena during the curing phase (i.e. the ageing effect), an experimental protocol is proposed: the results allow to emphasize the impact of such process on the magnetic properties.


Figure 1 -Schematic diagram of the studied impregnation process
Figure 2 -Schematic diagram of the used methodology
Figure 4 -Iron losses (left) and normal magnetization curves (right) at 50Hz in the case of all toroidal samples before the impregnation process
Figure 13 -Induced stress in the cross section due to the thermal contraction of the resinflux direction (a), orthogonal to the flux direction (b) and along the height of the lamination stack (c)
Effect of Industrial Impregnation Process on the Magnetic Properties of Electrical Steels

March 2021

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150 Reads

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4 Citations

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

This paper deals with the experimental investigation of the effect of impregnation process on the normal magnetization curve and iron losses of electrical steels. To address this issue, several laminated toroidal magnetic circuits have been designed to characterize the magnetic properties with the flux metric method. The first configuration considers magnetic circuits wrapped with adhesive tape so that the dielectric resin will be deposited only on the outer surface of the magnetic circuit. In the second configuration, the magnetic circuits are unwrapped, which will allow the resin to diffuse within the inter-laminar spaces of the magnetic circuit. The obtained experimental results show significant effects on the magnetic properties in both cases. However, depending on the considered configuration, the resin diffusion also has an influence on the changes in magnetic properties.


The effect of the substrate surface state on the morphology, topography and tribocorrosion behavior of Si/Zr sol-gel coated 316L stainless steel

November 2020

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64 Reads

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2 Citations

Surface and Coatings Technology

In the present work, a Si/Zr based sol–gel (SG) coating was deposited on 316L stainless steel plates, previously treated by passivation (SSO) or electropolishing (SSEP) producing two different surface states. The SG coatings were compared for SSO and SSEP substrates in terms of morphology, topography and tribocorrosion response. The coating topography revealed a smoother surface for the Si/Zr-SSEP system. The coating deposited on the smoothest surface (Si/Zr-SSEP) presented half of the thickness of the one deposited on the roughest surface (Si/Zr-SSO). Tribocorrosion behavior was studied under potentiostatic control at anodic potential with a continuous recording of current (I) during sliding (pin-on-disc and alumina ball counterbody). Both SG systems showed an increase of current upon 100 sliding contact cycles indicating corrosion activity. After tribocorrosion tests, both systems revealed scratches, typical of abrasion, and coating removal in the wear tracks; the alumina counterparts presented accumulation of wear particles adhered to their surfaces. In conclusion, the initial surface state of the substrate modified the coating thickness, topography but did not significantly alter the tribocorrosion response of the studied SG systems.


Experimental set up for magnetomechanical measurements with a closed flux path sample

August 2020

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85 Reads

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2 Citations

In this article, an experimental procedure is presented to handle magnetic measurements under uniaxial tensile stress reaching the plastic domain. The main advantage of the proposed procedure is that it does not require an additional magnetic core to close the magnetic flux path through the studied sample. The flux flows only in the sample, and no parasitic air gaps are introduced, thus avoiding the use of the H-coil to evaluate the magnetic field, which is often very sensitive and not easy to calibrate. A specimen of nonoriented FeSi (1.3%) sheet (M330-35A) is characterized under uniaxial tensile stress. To validate the proposed procedure, a comparison with the single sheet tester procedure is carried out. The results obtained by the two procedures are in good agreement. Moreover, to illustrate the possibilities offered by the proposed procedure, we confirm some results obtained in the literature. We show that the positive plastic strain leads to a significant degradation of magnetic behavior. An applied tensile stress on a virgin (unstrained) sample leads to a degradation of the magnetic behavior. However, on a pre-strained sample, an applied tensile stress results in reducing the deterioration caused by the plastic strain until a stress value called optimum is attained. Above this threshold, the magnetic behavior re-deteriorates progressively.


Impact of industrially applied surface finishing processes on tribocorrosion performance of 316L stainless steel

June 2020

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242 Reads

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17 Citations

Wear

This investigation addresses the effect provided by industrial surface finishes on the tribocorrosion properties of 316L stainless steel exposed to NaCl solution. Three distinct surface treatments were evaluated: passivation (SSO), electropolishing-passivation (SSEP) and micro-undulation (SSM mechano-chemical + electropolishing + passivation). For the tribocorrosion tests, a potentiostatic approach was considered in order to highlight the alloy behavior under two opposite situations, where repassivation of the surface would be thermodynamically possible or not (anodic or cathodic polarization, respectively). The outcomes demonstrated that the surface treatments were either harmful (SSEP) or beneficial (SSM) in terms of resulting tribocorrosion resistance. The specific topography of the micro-undulated sample decreased the real contact area and improved the surface lubrication in aqueous medium. SSEP presented the highest chemical wear and several factors seemed to have contributed for it, including the chemical, mechanical and structural properties of the passive film. Regardless the surface treatment, the tribocorrosion response was modified by the applied potential and more severe damage was determined under anodic polarization. At this potential, calculations of the total surface degradation suggested that volume loss was mainly dominated by chemical wear.



Mechanical and corrosion characterization of industrially treated 316L stainless steel surfaces

November 2019

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269 Reads

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34 Citations

Surface and Coatings Technology

The impact of different industrial surface treatments, such as electropolishing and micro-undulation, on the mechanical and corrosion properties of cold-rolled 316L stainless steel has been investigated. The nature of the passive layers created by the three surface finishes led not only to chemical differences as determined by XPS analysis, but also to dissimilar roughness and mechanical response as shown by surface topography and nanoindentation analysis, respectively. The industrial surface treatments appeared to improve the protective anticorrosion properties of the stainless steel as shown by electrochemical impedance analysis. Differences in repassivation abilities were demonstrated through cyclic voltammetry and were discussed in terms of chemical profiles in the passive layer as determined from XPS. Finally, considering the passive layer as a semiconductor material, it is shown that Mott-Schottky plots are in good agreement with the chemical profile of the passive layers.



Citations (20)


... T HE magnetic characteristics of electrical steel as observed in finalized transformers and electrical rotating machines often deviate from those measured in optimized single sheets or predicted through numerical methods. A primary contributing factor to this disparity lies in the assembly process of the core, where deleterious mechanical stresses, both within the plane and perpendicular to the sheet, are induced by factors such as bolt bundles, welding, or clinching [1]. These stresses can significantly amplify magnetic losses, magnetostriction, and subsequent acoustic noise-properties of utmost concern to machine designers. ...

Reference:

Stress-Induced Magnetization Process in Shifted Grain-Oriented Steel Ring Cores
Investigation of the compaction process of electrical machines magnetic circuits and its detrimental effect on magnetic performances

... Furthermore, mechanical and thermal stresses introduced during the manufacturing process may result in decrease in the performance of magnetic circuits [6]. For example, when iron losses are estimated during the design phase and then experimentally tested after the machine is built, there may be substantial discrepancies [7]. The component durability of such instruments depends on the mechanical properties of the NiFe alloys. ...

Effect of Industrial Impregnation Process on the Magnetic Properties of Electrical Steels

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

... Crevice corrosion may occur under the deposits, impurities, or in locations where the aggressive chloride medium is retained for a longer period due to poor design solutions [2][3][4][5]. Improvement of the stainless steel corrosion resistance can be achieved by the chemical modification of the steel surface using the corrosion inhibitors, as well as by protective amorphous or crystalline coatings, such as TiO2, ZrO2 or SiO2 thin films or their mixtures [6][7][8][9], low-temperature plasma carburizing, nitriding, combined carburizing and nitriding, etc. [10][11][12]. Ceramic coatings can be deposited on the substrate by several various techniques that have been developed for this purpose. ...

The effect of the substrate surface state on the morphology, topography and tribocorrosion behavior of Si/Zr sol-gel coated 316L stainless steel
  • Citing Article
  • November 2020

Surface and Coatings Technology

... More recently, some authors explored the impact of plasticity by comparing the magnetic behavior of plasticized materials in the loaded and unloaded states. El Youssef et al. (2020) showed that the application of tensile stress on prestrained non oriented Iron-Silicon samples resulted in a reduction of the deterioration caused by plastic strain until a characteristic stress value is attained. Above this threshold, the magnetic behavior deteriorates again. ...

Experimental set up for magnetomechanical measurements with a closed flux path sample

... Under seawater conditions, 316L stainless steel has the advantages of corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, which makes it widely used in mechanical industry engineering [32,33]. The performance parameters of 316L stainless steel are shown in table 2. Therefore, in this paper, the upper sample material is CF/PEEK, and the lower sample material is 316L stainless steel. ...

Impact of industrially applied surface finishing processes on tribocorrosion performance of 316L stainless steel
  • Citing Article
  • June 2020

Wear

... In contrast, far fewer works treat the multiaxial problem, and they deal mainly with in-plane biaxial loading. Nevertheless, some works [36][37][38] can be found where the magnetic field is applied in a direction different from that of the applied uniaxial stress. In [36], only a single C-yokethat can be rotatedwas used. ...

Effect on magnetic properties of inhomogeneous compressive stress in thickness direction of an electrical steel stack

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

... The selected passive alloy was the 316 L stainless steel produced by Aperam (France) and surface treated by Packo Inox (Belgium). The industrial surface treatment consists of electropolishing (bath temperature = 65°C, current densities between 20 and 40 A/dm²) followed by passivation and water rinsing 32 . Squared 316 L SS specimens of~5 × 5 cm² were cut from the same plate (same industrial batch) with a lever cutter and degreased in an acetone bath under ultrasound for 10 min (followed by rinsing in demineralised water). ...

Mechanical and corrosion characterization of industrially treated 316L stainless steel surfaces
  • Citing Article
  • November 2019

Surface and Coatings Technology

... For example, in [3,4] the impact of several manufacturing processes on the magnetic properties of NO electrical steel sheet is investigated, it shows a magnetic behavior degradation as well as significant iron loss increase. Some studies are focused on quantifying the impact of manufacturing process on magnetic properties like the cutting techniques [5][6][7][8]. In [9] for example, the authors show that the iron loss can be reduced by about 5.8% when minimizing the cutting clearance of a punching process. ...

Punching effect directly on electrical machine stator strips
  • Citing Article
  • June 2019

International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics

... Advances in manufacturing technologies are typically implemented due to the effect of raising the quality of products produced or enabling a reduction in the cost of production. In the automotive industry, electric machines (or motors) have thin metal sheet components which are currently manufactured by stamping, which has been the case for a number of years [1,2]. a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 ...

Slinky stator: The impact of manufacturing process on the magnetic properties
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • May 2017

... Laouar, Zeghib, Chaoui, and Hamadache (H. Hamadache, 2006) 23 Amdouni H (H. Amdouni et al., 2017) Hard chrome-coated ball Aluminium alloy 24 Shirsat (U. Shirsat et al., 2017) Steel Brass 25 L.Wagner (L. ...

Experimental study of a six new ball-burnishing strategies effects on the Al-alloy flat surfaces integrity enhancement

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology