February 2023
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1 Read
The Journal of Development Studies
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Publications (16)
December 2022
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26 Reads
February 2022
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3 Reads
February 2021
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43 Reads
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7 Citations
Although Cameroon was not a prime target in the modern-day scramble for Africa, the Central African country has been a site of intense land-related tensions in the past decade. According to data from the Land Matrix, 2,771,406 hectares were subjected to land deals since the year 2000. By late 2019, 44 deals were registered as ‘concluded,’ covering 2,065,998 hectares of the area under negotiation. The main drivers are timber, biofuel crops, food products, and precious minerals. This chapter focuses on agro-industrial projects and provides a review of recent trends in land acquisitions that is grounded in critical development studies. Based on a mixed-methods approach combining an analysis of Land Matrix data and the study of legal frameworks with field work data, it aligns trends in land acquisitions with domestic politics and regulatory changes in the Republic of Cameroon. The chapter advances three key insights. First, the land rush in Cameroon was not a sudden phenomenon, and it emerged prior to the commodity price hike of the late 2000s. Second, conflictual land relations are the result of ineffective regulatory frameworks. Third, domestic actors, rather than foreign corporations, are of central importance for determining the outcomes of land-related long-term investments in sub-Saharan Africa.
July 2020
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76 Reads
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19 Citations
As a new wave of infrastructure expansion takes place globally, there has been a parallel turn to infrastructure in geographical research. This article responds to recent calls within this research for less human-centered engagement with the infrastructure turn. More specifically, this article aims to destablize anthropocentric discussions about infrastructural violence and infrastructural justice. Using the Chad–Cameroon Pipeline Project as a case study, we advance two main points. First, we show that infrastructural violence is not solely directed at humans. Rather, all agents, objects, and conditions—from humans to fish to carbon sequestration—entangled in webs of relations within zones of infrastructural expansion risk being subjected to violence when new and existing infrastructures meet. To illustrate this point, we detail two examples of competitions between new and existing infrastructures along the Chad–Cameroon Pipeline route, which together reveal the various forms of violence experienced by the more-than-human world when new infrastructural arrangements are layered on top of already existing ones. Second, we advance debates on infrastructural justice by adopting a more-than-human perspective in our conceptualization of this term. Recent writing on infrastructural justice has reflected on efforts to repair and rebuild infrastructures to produce more just futures (Sheller 2018 Sheller, M. 2018. Mobility justice: The politics of movement in an age of extremes . New York: Verso. [Google Scholar]). Drawing on the observations and reflections of our fieldwork along the Chad–Cameroon Pipeline route, we argue that just infrastructure projects must not only be inclusive of marginalized human and nonhuman populations but they must also avoid interfering with the infrastructural work done by nature to sustain the more-than-human world.
August 2019
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53 Reads
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35 Citations
Environment and Planning E Nature and Space
We are currently witnessing a global trend of intensifying and deepening relationships between extractive companies and biodiversity conservation organisations that warrants closer scrutiny. Although existing literature has established that these two sectors often share the same space and rely on similar logics, it is increasingly common to find biodiversity conservation being carried out through partnerships between extractive and conservation actors. In this article, we explore what this cooperation achieves for both sectors. Using illustrative examples of extractive-conservation collaboration across sub-Saharan Africa, we argue that new entanglements between extractive and conservation actors are motivated by multiple purposes. First, partnering with conservation actors serves as a spatial and socio-ecological fix for extractive companies in response to multiple crises that threaten the sector's productivity. Second, new forms of collaboration between extractive and conservation actors create pathways for both sectors to produce new value from nature. For the extractive sector, creating new value from nature works as a further fix to capitalist crises whereas, for the conservation sector, producing value through nature amounts to new opportunities for capital accumulation. Importantly, working together to produce shared value from nature within and beyond extractive concessions secures both sectors' control over the means of production. Theoretically, our analysis links literature on value in capitalist nature with that on spatial and socio-ecological fixes.
December 2018
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5 Reads
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1 Citation
January 2018
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13 Reads
The Journal of Peasant Studies
December 2016
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61 Reads
Global Environmental Politics
June 2016
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91 Reads
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1 Citation
Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d études du développement
Citations (10)
... The large-scale acquisition of land by individuals and companies is not a new occurrence. During the period of colonization large tracts of land were unjustly and forcibly taken, some of which continue to be held by private sector entities today (see, for example: [16,17]). Another wave of private sector acquisition (or transfer) of land occurred in connection with the policy changes demanding privatization during the era of Structural Adjustment (for example, see: [18]). ...
- Citing Chapter
February 2021
... Food insecurity and malnutrition are the additional reasons why the Sahel calls for international humanitarian assistance [34,[45][46][47][48]. The African Sahel belongs to the most vulnerable places in the world at risk of crises and disasters. ...
- Citing Article
December 2013
Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines
... There is a consensus that infrastructures are networks supporting the flow of people, objects, or ideas [13]. These networks engage not only humans but also other living beings and objects [14]. The defining characteristic of infrastructure is its use and movement [15,16]. ...
- Citing Article
July 2020
... Thus, it is with a specific reference to the Southeast Asian perspective, the impact of disappearing islands and the effects of climate change on refugees and the nature of the Tuvalu Islands. In the spirit of Enns, Bersaglio, and Sneyd (2019), this paper provides a relevant and sufficient addition to the literature. ...
- Citing Article
August 2019
Environment and Planning E Nature and Space
... Due to the impacts of environmental degradation on livelihood activities caused by environmental changes in the Niger Delta, it is necessary to revisit approaches to livelihoods in development thinking, taking into account issues of politics and power, with a focus on policy and institutional processes. To buttress this argument, Sneyd (2016), drawing from Scoones' analysis of the SLF, argues that it is no longer possible for development experts to hide behind poor models and blind spots. Instead, questions, frameworks and methods in development must align with the sustainable livelihoods of the most vulnerable and hold accountable political institutions and processes of decision making that hinder the aspirations of the impoverished in order for development to begin to take place. ...
- Citing Article
June 2016
Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d études du développement
... Mais nul doute que les incidences économiques, sociétales et politiques sont plus importantes pour les acteurs institutionnels (Fowler, 1995 ;Lustig, 2012;Tonneau et al., 2005). À la fois technique, politique, moral et éthique (Nestle, 2000), le dilemme est fortement nourri par les visions non convergentes de ses protagonistes, leurs logiques propres, leurs intérêts spécifiques, voire opposables, et la nature des rapports de pouvoir qui les lient (Sneyd, 2014), voire des tensions internes à chaque groupe d'acteur. Par suite, il est de nature à cristalliser les résistances aux décisions qui pourraient s'imposer au coeur des crises et des transitions (Conti et al., 2021). ...
- Citing Article
- Full-text available
April 2014
Sustainability
... Efforts are being made to promote traditional foods, improve nutrition, and reduce the dependence on imported food products. These efforts involve a range of stakeholders, including governments, civil society organisations, and international development agencies (Sneyd et al. 2015). ...
- Citing Article
- Full-text available
January 2015
Journal of Contemporary African Studies
... African cotton has historically contributed to worsening poverty, despite efforts since 2002 to address this through targeted poverty-reduction strategies. Sneyd (2017) argues that these efforts have been hampered by a neoliberal approach, which has failed to fully address the deep-rooted issues and risks perpetuating the cycle of poverty. ...
- Citing Article
January 2015
... Principle-based mechanisms, on the other hand, lack a verification or compliance mechanism; instead, they consistently work to improve specific RBC issues based on the voluntary commitments of companies. Some of the most frequently discussed examples of MSIs with traders' participation include Fairtrade (Hira & Ferrie, 2006;Valkila et al., 2010), the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) (Grabs & Carodenuto, 2021;Richardson, 2015;Schleifer, 2016;Schleifer & Sun, 2018), the Roundtable on Responsible Soy Association (RTRS) (Heron et al., 2018), the Better Cotton Initiative (Snyed, 2014), Bonsucro (Snyed, 2014), the International Cocoa Initiative (Nelson & Phillips, 2018;Schrage & Ewing, 2005;Thorlakson, 2018), the International Tin Supply Initiative (Vogel & Musamba, 2017;Vogel & Raeymaekers, 2016), the Swiss Better Gold Association (McQuilken, 2016), and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) (Poretti, 2018). ...
- Citing Article
March 2014
Development and Change
... It requires a change in paradigm (Pedro 2016), redefining who informs the objectives of the continent's mineral resource development, redefining what those objectives are, and redefining strategic national and regional policies to reach them. In essence, the AMV is a call for the mining sector to be a catalyst for transformative and structural change in the long term so as to bring more equitable, intergenerational, social and economic development that is respectful of the environment (Ridde, Campbell, and Martel 2015;Sneyd 2012). As is the case for most major policy documents, there have been debates about the AMV concerning the strategies proposed to meet its objectives (Afeku and Debrah 2020; Akong 2020; Hilson 2019). ...
- Citing Article
June 2012
Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d études du développement